现实主义与伦理  

Realism and Ethics

作　　者：王紫薇 王守仁[2] WANG Ziwei;WANG Shouren

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院 [2]南京大学

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第5期24-39,共16页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“外国文学原理研究”(22&ZD284)。

摘　　要：认识他者并与之建立和谐伦理关系是人类自古以来的真切愿望。本文通过分析亚里士多德与努斯鲍姆对道德与伦理间联系的不同认识指出知觉是辨析二者内在关系的关键,强调对他者的真实知觉是展开正确道德实践,恢复道德与伦理辩证共生关系的根本,并在梅洛-庞蒂对知觉作为先验性存在的论述以及威廉斯对文学创造性实践本质的认知指导下从知觉维度揭示现实主体间性的伦理本质,探寻文学教诲功能的具体内涵。结合对现实主义文学真实书写特征的分析,本文指出现实主义文学能客观反映现实关系变化,展现被遮蔽的真实他者,具有其他文学形式不可比拟的积极教诲价值,其中战后现实主义文学基于对现实建构本质的认识,追求真实的同时,运用有限并不断变化的文本形式强调他者他异性,揭示现实蕴含的丰富伦理潜能。凭借“思真即辨善”的伦理书写原则,现实主义文学对人们把捉现实关系变化、探寻正义与善的可能具有指导意义。To know the other and to establish a harmonious ethical relationship with it has been people's earnest wish since ancient times. This paper examines the differences between Aristotle's and Nussbaum's views on the specific relationship between morality and ethics, and argues that the concept of the perception is crucial for understanding the internal connection between morality and ethics, emphasizing the importance of truly perceiving others as a prerequisite for carrying out correct moral practice and restoring the mutualistic dialectical relationship between morality and ethics. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty's idea of the perception as a priori existence, and Raymond Williams' understanding of literature as a practice, the authors of this paper explore the inter-subjective ethical essence of reality and investigate the connotations of the edifying function of literature from the perspective of perception. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of realist writing, this paper points out that literary realism possesses positive educational values unrivaled by any other kinds of literature as it can truly reflect the changing relationships in reality and reveal the hidden existence of the real other. Viewing reality as a construction, Post-WWII literary realism adheres to the pursuit of truth and uses limited and constantly changing textual forms to emphasize the alterity of the other and to highlight the rich ethical potentials within reality. This helps readers recognize their own limitations and assume the ethical responsibility towards others. By virtue of the ethical writing principle of “search for truth means identification with good”, realist literature serves as a guide for people to grasp the changing relationships in reality and to explore the possibilities of justice and good.

关 键 词：知觉 伦理 道德 教诲功能 现实主义文学 真实 

分 类 号：I022[文学—文学理论]