孤独症儿童平稳入学的困境与需求——基于元人种志方法的考察  

Dilemmas and Needs of Schooling for:Children with Autism An Investigation Based on Meta-Ethnography Methods

作　　者：曹漱芹[1] 赵靖 赵勇帅 张文秀 金琦钦 CAO Shuqin;ZHAO Jing;ZHAO Yongshuai;ZHANG Wenxiu;JIN Qiqin(College of Child Development and Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,311231)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学儿童发展与教育学院,杭州311231

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2024年第3期44-53,共10页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划2024年度重点课题“浙江残疾儿童‘卫星班’融合改革发展的机理、模式创新与路径优化研究”(项目批准号:24NDQN24Z)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：平稳入学是孤独症儿童融入社会的一次重大转折和挑战,厘清孤独症儿童的入学困境及支持需求,对促进特殊教育普惠发展和社会公平具有重要现实意义。基于“家庭—教育—社会”的综合性视角,采用元人种志方法,对9篇代表性文献进行深度集成和建构,发现孤独症儿童平稳入学存在“断层、污名化、权力失衡和支持缺失”四大困境,具有“多方协作、信息共享、提前规划和提供支持”四项需求。进而形成了以“入学支持”为核心,涵盖公共态度、制度设计和社会实践三个层面的概念框架,系统揭示了为何孤独症儿童难以平稳入学,并构建了全过程的孤独症儿童平稳入学支持实践路径。Smooth transition from early years to primary school is a major transition and challenge for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)to integrate into society.It is of great practical significance to clarify the enrollment difficulties and the support needs of children with ASD,in order to promote the educational co-prosperity and social equity.Based on the comprehensive perspective of“family-education-society”and the meta-ethnography method,nine representative papers were deeply integrated and constructed,and it is found that there are four major dilemmas in smooth school enrolment for children with ASD:Disconnection,Stigmatization,Power Imbalance and Lack of Support and four key needs:Multi-party Collaboration,Information Sharing,Advance Planning and Provision of support for the smooth transition of children with ASD.Based on this,a conceptual framework with“school support”as the core is formed,covering three levels:public attitude,institutional design,and social practice.It is designed to systematically reveal why it is difficult for children with ASD to enter school smoothly.Subsequently,a practical path for the entire process of providing stable school support for children with ASD is proposed.

关 键 词：孤独症儿童 平稳入学 困境 需求 元人种志 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]