云参的营养组分分析及食用安全性评价  

Nutritional component analysis and edible safety evaluation of Yunshen

作　　者：丰贵江 普岳红[1] 王曙彩 李海燕 陈来凤 罗亚楠 周金萍 林秋叶[1] FENG Gui-jiang;PU Yue-hong;WANG Shu-cai;LI Hai-yan;CHEN Lai-feng;LUO Ya-nan;ZHOU Jin-ping;LIN Qiu-ye(College of Food Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Xiexin Health Industry Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650501,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,昆明650201 [2]云南恊信健康产业有限公司,昆明650501

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2024年第5期815-824,共10页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：昆明市农业生产项目(KX141901100,KX141901200)。

摘　　要：本文根据国标方法系统地分析了云参的营养组分,并开展大鼠急性经口毒性试验和三项遗传毒性试验对云参进行食用安全性评价。结果表明,云参中蛋白质、脂肪和多糖的含量分别为9.190、3.700 mg/100 g和12.100%,氨基酸总含量达5.238 g/100 g,含有K、Ca等21种矿物元素,含量最高的K为8120.0000 mg/kg;含有维生素A、维生素C、维生素E和B族维生素4种维生素,其中B族维生素含量最高且种类丰富;苯醚甲环唑、井岗霉素、四聚乙醛、咪酰胺、噻呋酰胺、吡虫啉和烯酰吗啉7种农药残留以及沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在云参中均未检出;云参对雌、雄大鼠的半数致死剂量(LD 50)>60.0 g/kg BW,按急性毒性剂量分级,属实际无毒;三项遗传毒性试验即细菌回复突变试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验及小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性。云参富含蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物元素和维生素(特别是B族维生素),农药残留和微生物指标均符合我国食品安全国家标准的规定,且在本实验条件下,未见明显毒性作用。The present study systematically analyzed the nutritional components of Yunshen(Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.var.volubilis(Nannf.))based on national standard methods,and conducted acute oral toxicity tests in rats and three genetic toxicity tests to evaluate the food Safety of Yunshen.The results showed that the contents of protein,fat and polysaccharides in Yunshen were 9.190,3.700 mg/100 g,and 12.100%,respectively.The total content of amino acids reached 5.238 g/100 g,containing 21 mineral elements such as K and Ca.The highest content of K was 8120.0000 mg/kg;Four types of vitamins:vitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin E,and B vitamins were found,with B vitamins having the greatest content and a rich variety;Seven pesticide residues,including feniconazole,Jinggangmycin,tetraacetaldehyde,imidamide,thiafuramide,imidacloprid,and enoylmorpholine,as well as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus,were not detected in Yunshen;The median lethal dose(LD 50)of Yunshen was higher than 60.0 g/kg BW and it was classified into actually non-toxic according to acute toxicity dose;Three genotoxicity tests,including bacterial reverse mutation test,mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse spermatogonium chromosome aberration test,were negative.Taken together,Yunshen was rich in protein,amino acids,mineral elements,and vitamins(especially B-group vitamins).Furthermore,pesticide residues and microbial indicators met the requirements of China′s national food safety standards,and no significant toxic effects were observed under the conditions of this experiment.

关 键 词：云参 成分检测 维生素 农残 急性毒性 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]