贵琼语中汉语借词的适应性研究  

An Adaptation Study of the Chinese Loanwords in the Guiqiong Language

作　　者：杨晓燕 戴庆厦[1,2] YANG Xiaoyan;DAI Qingxia(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;School of Literature,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081 [2]云南师范大学文学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期24-35,共12页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：我国语言存在国家通用语汉语和众多少数民族语言,在长期的语言接触中,汉语借词广泛进入各少数民族语言之中,适应着不同少数民族语言的发展。文章以四川康定麦崩贵琼语为个案,分析汉语借词在贵琼语中的各种适应性表现。汉语借词通过音译、合璧、添加轻动词、替换词缀以及意译等方式借用到贵琼语,进入后又采用直接适应、调适适应、分层适应等不同策略来适应贵琼语,反映出汉语借词强大的适应力。汉语借词适应贵琼语的动因主要是:长期交融的民族关系是汉语借词适应的社会基础,社会发展的需要是汉语借词适应的深层缘由,汉语的柔性活力是汉语借词适应的内在动力,语言间亲缘关系的“基因”是汉语借词适应的便利条件。汉语借词在民族语言中表现出的强大适应力,是中华民族共同体进一步发展的表现,是今后必须顺应的语言科学发展规律。In China,there exists a national lingua franca,Chinese,and many minority languages.In the long-term language contact,Chinese loanwords have been widely introduced into various minority languages,adapting to the development of different minority languages.This article takes the Guiqiong language used in Maibeng Township of Kangding City of Sichuan province as a case to study the various adaptations of Chinese loanwords in the Guiqiong language.The article argues that Chinese loanwords have entered the Guiqiong language through the means of transliteration,amalgamation,addition of light verbs,substitution of affixes and paraphrase as well as different strategies like direct adaptation,adjusted adaptation,and hierarchical adaptation in order to adapt to the Guiqiong language,reflecting the powerful adaptability of Chinese loanwords.The major causes of the adaptation of Chinese loanwords to the Guiqiong language are as follows:the long-term ethnic relationship is the social foundation of the adaptation of Chinese loanwords;the need of social development is the deep-rooted cause;the flexible vitality is its internal motive;the“gene”of the inter-language kinship is its convenient condition.Chinese loanwords express very strong adaptability in ethnic languages,an expression of the further development of the community of the Chinese nation and a development law of linguistic science that must be obeyed in the future.

关 键 词：汉语借词 贵琼语 适应性 语言接触 语言影响 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学] H002