杜威“教育无目的论”新解  

New Understanding on the John Dewey's Idea of Education-has-no-aim

作　　者：陶青 TAO Qing(Zhejiang Ocean University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,316022,PRC)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2024年第3期23-30,58,共9页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：浙江省教育科学规划课题“浙江省师范生实习指导教师素养及其提升策略研究”(2023SCG286)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：杜威“教育无目的论”的提出,并不是取消教育,它仅仅是手段,旨在实现民主社会。社会是理解杜威“教育无目的论”的钥匙。“绝对目的论”在活动之外设定一个固定目的,它是自足的和自我完成的,服务于静止的社会,是在为专制独裁和等级社会开道。进步的社会则格外珍视自主和创新,将后者视作前者进步的重要手段。民主社会的构建是一个不断探索和创新的过程,尤其需要人们具备除旧布新、革故鼎新的精神与冒险、合作、探究和实验的能力。因此,与专制社会的绝对目的不同,民主社会的教育目的应该是暂时的、实验的,在行动中获得检验并持续向前发展;是自由的、灵活的,促进个性的充分彰显和表达;是合作的、协商的,成为运用集体智慧的过程。John Dewey's idea of“education-has-no-aim”,which is not to disappear the education,as the means,it is to create the democracy education to come true the democracy society.Society is the key to understanding.Rigid and given aim come from the outside of the course,which is fixed and must to be possessed,traits of self-sufficiency and self-finished,making the student's aimless,impulsive and routine,mechanical,forming slavers.It promotes the class division and conflicts.The democracy society is new affaire in human history,needs continuing enquiry and creation,commanding human have the spirits of substitute the old by the new in new times and the abilities of adventure,enquiry and experiments.It is different from the absolute aim in undemocratic society,the education aim in democracy society,which should changeable and experimental,tested by activity and development lasting.It should free and flexible,promote individuality expression and extension.It should cooperation and communication,as a course of use of social intelligent.

关 键 词：杜威 教育无目的论 新解 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]