全球香菇产业发展历史、现状及趋势  

Development History,Current Situation and Trends of Global Lentinula edodes Industry

作　　者：曹斌[1] 张月吟 高博 CAO Bin;ZHANG Yueyin;GAO Bo(Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732 [2]华北理工大学,河北唐山063210 [3]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第3期1-20,共20页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：中国食用菌协会重点课题(CEFA2023002)。

摘　　要：采用文献查阅和电话访谈相结合的方法,详细分析全球香菇(Lentinula edodes)产业发展历史、现状及趋势,并对推进中国香菇产业强国建设提出政策建议。研究结果表明:香菇自然分布区域主要集中于东亚和东南亚地区;随着全球人口迁移,香菇栽培区域已扩大到除南极洲以外的各大洲。2022年,中国香菇产量为1.296×10~7 t,占全球香菇总产量的98.3%;人均年消费香菇8.9 kg,中国是全球最大的香菇生产国和消费国。全球香菇产业在消费端呈现市场规模持续增长、鲜香菇比重逐渐增加、加工品市场规模扩大的趋势,在生产端呈现劳动力老龄化、产业集中度提升、生产模式持续优化和生产科技创新水平提高的趋势。建议通过建立中央财政扶持体系、强化行业组织服务功能、加大工厂化生产技术研发力度和推动香菇全产业链发展,稳步推进中国香菇产业强国建设。Through literature review and telephone interview,the development history,current status and trends of global Lentinula edodes(shiitake mushroom) industry were analyzed,and policy suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of the Chinese L.edodes industry were put forward.The natural distribution areas of L.edodes are mainly concentrated in East and Southeast Asia.With global migration,cultivation of L.edodes has spread to almost all continents except Antarctica and Africa.In 2022,the output of L.edodes in China was 1.296×10~7 t,accounting for 98.3% of the global L.edodes output,and the annual consumption per capita in China was 8.9 kg,making it the largest producer and consumer of L.edodes in the world.At the consumer end,there is a sustained growth in consumer market scale,proportion of fresh mushrooms,and processed product market scale.At the production end,the problem of labor force aging is prominent.On the other hand,there are improvements in centralized production,production mode,and scientific and technological innovations.Suggestions include establishing a central financial support system,strengthening the service of industry organizations,increasing the research and development of factory production technologies and promoting the development of L.edodes industrial chain,so as to promote the construction of China's L.edodes industry powerhouse.

关 键 词：全球 食用菌 香菇 科技创新 

分 类 号：F316.13[经济管理—产业经济]