乳酸菌和纤维素酶对马蹄渣和玉米蛋白粉混合青贮饲料品质及体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响  

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase on Quality and in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Mixed Silage of Chinese Water Chestnut Residue and Corn Gluten Meal

作　　者：赵超 陈琼 李越 郭勇庆 刘德武[1] 孙宝丽[1] ZHAO Chao;CHEN Qiong;LI Yue;GUO Yongqing;LIU Dewu;SUN Baoli(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第5期3340-3351,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系南方现代草牧业(羊)产业创新团队-饲料资源开发与利用岗位专家项目(2023KJ127)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在评价不同添加剂对马蹄渣和玉米蛋白粉混合青贮饲料发酵品质、化学成分、微生物数量和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响。将马蹄渣和玉米蛋白粉按照76∶24的比例混合均匀作为青贮原料,在青贮时分别进行如下处理:1)不添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶(CON组);2)添加1×108CFU/g乳酸菌(LAB组);3)添加50 U/g纤维素酶(CE_(50)组);4)添加100 U/g纤维素酶(CE100组);5)添加1×108CFU/g乳酸菌+50 U/g纤维素酶(LAB+CE50组);6)添加1×108CFU/g乳酸菌+100 U/g纤维素酶(LAB+CE_(100)组)。每组设3个重复,每个重复设2个平行。混合青贮60 d后打开青贮袋取样进行分析。结果显示:在化学成分方面,与CON组相比,青贮时组合添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可以显著降低混合青贮饲料的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素、半纤维素含量(P<0.05),同时显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)含量(P<0.05),其中以LAB+CE100组最高。发酵品质方面,LAB、LAB+CE50以及LAB+CE100组混合青贮饲料的pH及氨态氮(NH3-N)含量与CON组相比显著降低(P<0.05),同时乳酸和乙酸含量与CON组相比显著升高(P<0.05),且以LAB+CE100组最高;单独添加乳酸菌或组合添加乳酸菌与纤维素酶均可显著提高混合青贮饲料中乳酸菌的数量(P<0.05),并降低不良细菌数量或抑制不良细菌的增殖。在体外产气方面,随着发酵时间的延长,各组的产气量不断升高,其中LAB+CE100组的产气速率、48 h产气量最高。在体外瘤胃发酵参数方面,各组发酵液pH均在6.56~6.84,且与发酵时间呈负相关趋势;各添加剂组发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量与CON组相比均显著增加(P<0.05);添加乳酸菌的各添加剂组发酵液中乙酸/丙酸比值与CON组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,组合添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可改善马蹄渣和玉米蛋白粉混合青贮饲料的品质和体外瘤胃发酵特性,其中以添加1×108CThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality,chemical composition,microorganism number and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of mixed silage of Chinese water chestnut residue(CWCRS)and corn protein meal(CGM).The CWCRS and CGM were mixed evenly according to the ratio of 76∶24 as silage raw materials,and the following treatments were carried out during the silage process:1)did not add lactic acid bacteria and cellulase(CON group);2)added 1×106 CFU/g lactic acid bacteria(LAB group);3)added 50 U/g cellulase(CE50 group);4)added 100 U/g cellulase(CE100 group);5)added 1×106 CFU/g lactic acid bacteria+50 U/g cellulase(LAB+CE50 group);6)added 1×106 CFU/g lactic acid bacteria+100 U/g cellulase(LAB+CE100 group).Each group had 3 repli⁃cates and each replicate had 2 parallel replicates.After mixed silage for 60 days,the silage bags were opened and sampled for analysis.The results showed as follows:in terms of chemical composition,addition of lactic acid bacteria combined with cellulase in silage could significantly reduce the neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),acid detergent lignin(ADL),cellulose and hemicellulose contents of mixed si⁃lage compared with the CON group(P<0.05),and significantly increase the crude protein(CP)content(P<0.05),and the highest CP content was found in LAB+CE100 group.In terms of fermentation quality,the pH,ammoniacal nitrogen(NH3⁃N)content of mixed silage in LAB,LAB+CE50 and LAB+CE100 groups were sig⁃nificantly decreased compared with the CON group(P<0.05),meanwhile,the lactic acid and acetic acid con⁃tents of mixed silage showed a significant increase compared with the CON group(P<0.05),and highest lac⁃tic acid and acetic acid contents were found in the LAB+CE100 group.Addition of lactic acid bacteria alone or combined with cellulase could significantly increase the number of lactic acid bacteria in mixed silage(P<0.05),and reduce the number of undesirable bacteria or inhibit the proliferation of u

关 键 词：乳酸菌 纤维素酶 马蹄渣 玉米蛋白粉 混合青贮 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]