新世纪博物馆理论发展趋势  

Development Trend of Museology in the New Century

作　　者：张子康 刘希言 Zhang Zikang;Liu Xiyan(Central Academy of Fine Arts;Xinjiang Art Museum;Central Academy of Fine Arts Art Museum planning and research department)

机构地区：[1]中央美术学院 [2]新疆美术馆 [3]中央美术学院美术馆策划研究部

出　　处：《美术》2024年第5期11-21,10,共12页Art Magazine

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重点项目《我国美术馆未来发展趋势研究》(项目批准号:22AF011)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文通过自19世纪末起追溯博物馆定义的变化,简述其功能定位的转移以及指出其形态和理论变化过程,并描绘在21世纪的社会变革、技术进步及文化景观中,博物馆也必然相应发生功能定位变革图景以及新兴趋势。重点讨论以公众为面向,且在中国近20年的博物馆事业中较有影响力和未来发展潜力的几种理论发展趋势:一是结合数字技术,实现博物馆的可及性;二是博物馆的教育模式由知识生产转向智识机制;三是从生态博物馆出发,呼吁与社区合作;四是在中国乡村发展战略下参与乡建的博物馆。旨在通过对相关理论的梳理和评述,为中国当下及未来的博物馆实践提供参考。This article traces changes in the definition of museums since the end of the 19th Century,briefly describes their changes in forms and theories following the shifts in their function,and points out how museums are bound to change in their function and orientation accordingly in the 21st Century amidst social transformation,technological advances and multi-cultural landscape,thus demonstrating emerging trends.It mainly discusses the development trend of several public-oriented theories that have been infuential in the development of museums in China over the past two decades and have potential for future development:1.to make museums more accessible with the help of digital technology;2.to transform the educational model of museums from knowledge production to intellect mechanism;3.to call for cooperation with communities from the perspective of eco-museum;4.to realize rural development through museums under China's rural development strategy.This article hopes to provide guidance for the current and future museum practice in China by sorting out and commenting on relevant theories.

关 键 词：新博物馆学 数字技术 智识 社区博物馆 乡村博物馆 

分 类 号：G260.7[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]