滴施螯合态铁肥对酿酒葡萄光合特性及产量品质的影响  

Effect of drip application of chelated iron fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield and quality of wine grapes

作　　者：顾梅花 解昊郡 蒋鹏[1] 闫鹏科 孙权[1] GU Mei-hua;XIE Hao-jun;JIANG Peng;YAN Peng-ke;SUN Quan(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural U-niversity,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第4期773-779,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(NGSB-2021-4)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究滴施螯合态铁肥(EDTA-Fe)对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄光合特性、果实形态、产量及品质的影响,为宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的优质高产提供合理的铁肥用量。[方法]以4年生“马瑟兰”酿酒葡萄为试验材料,在常规施肥的基础上滴施EDTA-Fe,采用单因素多水平随机区组试验设计,设置4个不同EDTA-Fe滴施水平:7.50(T1)、15.00(T2)、22.50(T3)和30.00 kg/hm^(2)(T4),以常规施肥为对照(CK),测定酿酒葡萄叶片光合特性(SPAD值、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率)、果实形态(果穗长、粒径和百粒重)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、单宁、总酚和花色苷)等指标。[结果]滴施EDTA-Fe能有效改善酿酒葡萄光合特性,其中果实成熟期T2处理叶片SPAD值最高,较CK显著提高19.71%;T3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率最高,较CK分别显著提高87.03%、107.14%和76.25%;T1处理的胞间CO_(2)浓度最高,较CK显著提高57.56%。百粒重随EDTA-Fe浓度的增加而降低。T3处理的果实粒径、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、单宁和总酚含量最高,较CK分别提高10.99%、13.00%、19.16%、4.87%和15.23%;T1处理的花色苷含量最高;产量由高到低依次为T3>T2>T1>T4>CK,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3和T4处理的产量分别显著提高11.68%、16.57%、26.48%和8.96%;产值效益由高到低依次为T3>T2>T1>T4>CK,其中T1、T2、T3和T4处理较CK处理分别提高3577、5075、8133、2744元/hm^(2)。[结论]在贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区滴施EDTA-Fe能有效促进酿酒葡萄叶片的光合特性,提高酿酒葡萄产量,提升酿酒葡萄品质,其中最佳EDTA-Fe施用量为22.5 kg/hm^(2)。[Objective]The study aimed to explore the effects of EDTA-Fe on the photosynthetic characteristics,fruit morphology,yield and quality of wine grapes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia and provided areasonable amount of iron fertilizer for the high quality and high yield of wine grapes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.[Method]4-year-old Marselan taken as the testing material,EDTA-Fe was dripped on the basis of conventional fertilization.Through a single-factor multi-level randomized block test design,four different EDTA-Fe drip levels were set as 7.50(T1),15.00(T2),22.50(T3)and 30.00(T4)kg/hm^(2),with conventional fertilization as the con-trol(CK).The photosynthetic characteristics(SPAD value,intercellular CO2 concentration,stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate),fruit morphology(cluster length,transverse diameter,00grain weight),yield and quality of wine grapes(soluble solids,titratable acidity,tannin,total phenols and anthocyanin)were determined.[Result]The application of EDTA-Fe could effectively im-prove the photosynthetic characteristics of wine grapes.Among them,the SPAD value of leaves in T2 treatment was the highest at fruit ripe ning period,which was significantly increased by 19.71% compared with CK;The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpi-ration rate of T3 treatment were the highest,which were significantly higher than CK by 87.03%,107.14% and 76.25%,respectively;The intercellular CO_(2) concentration of TI treatment was the highest,which was significantly increased by 57.56% compared with CK.The 100-grain weight decreased with the increase of EDTA-Fe concentration.The cluster length,soluble solids,sugar-acid ratio,tannin and total phe-nols content of T3 treatment were the highest,which were 10.99%,13.00%,19.16%,4.87% and 15.23% higher than CK,respectively;The anthocyanin content of TI treatment was the highest;The yield from high to low was T3>T2>T1>T4>CK,Compared with CK,the yields of T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments were signifi

关 键 词：贺兰山东麓 酿酒葡萄 马瑟兰 螯合铁 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]