挽留之道:离职挽留对员工离职意愿的影响研究  

The Art of Retention:A Study on the Impact of Resignation Retention on Employee Turnover Intention

作　　者：贾琼[1] 姜盼 张龙[2] Qiong JIA;Pan JIANG;Long ZHANG(School of Business,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100;School of Economic and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106)

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,南京211100 [2]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,南京211106

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2024年第5期94-109,共16页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71702045);江苏省社会科学基金项目(23GLB022);国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BGL145)。

摘　　要：员工的离职意愿通常被用来衡量组织的发展水平和稳定性。当员工表达出离职意愿时,管理者对其进行恰当的挽留有助于降低员工的离职意愿。然而,既有研究尚未明晰离职挽留的构念及结构,离职挽留与员工离职意愿之间的作用机制也不明确。本文针对组织中管理者对员工的离职挽留现象,明确了离职挽留的定义,编制了离职挽留测量量表,并基于社会交换理论,构建了离职挽留对员工离职意愿的影响模型。首先,本文遵循规范的量表开发流程,开发并检验了离职挽留量表。之后,为检验研究模型,本文收集了436份有效调查问卷样本数据。数据分析结果表明:积极挽留显著降低了员工离职意愿,心理安全感起到中介的作用。消极挽留显著增强了员工离职意愿,心理契约违背起到中介的作用。本文揭示了不同的离职挽留方式对员工离职意愿的影响,并为管理者有效开展离职管理提供了参考。Employees' turnover intention is often used to measure the development level and stability of an organization. When employees express turnover intention, managers' appropriate efforts to retain them can help reduce employees' turnover intention. However, existing research has yet to clarify the construct and structure of resignation retention, and the mechanism underlying the relationship between resignation retention and turnover intention remains unclear. Therefore, this study probes into the phenomenon of resignation retention in organizations. We illuminate the definition of resignation retention, develop the measurement scale for resignation retention, and construct a model of the impact of resignation retention on the employees' turnover intention based on the social exchange theory. Firstly, following the standard scale development process, we develop and verify the resignation retention measurement scale. Subsequently, to validate the research model, 436 valid sample data using questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results show that positive retention significantly reduces employees' turnover intention, with psychological safety mediating this effect. Negative retention significantly enhances employees' turnover intention, with psychological contract violation mediating this effect. This study reveals the impact of different resignation retention approaches on employees' turnover intention and provides implications for managers to effectively carry out employee resignation management.

关 键 词：离职挽留 离职意愿 心理安全感 心理契约违背 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]