美味牛肝菌药理及安全使用研究进展  

Research progress in pharmacology and safe use of Boletus edulis

作　　者：高海云 李瑶[1,2] 陈瑜鑫 李慧 刘天睿[1,2,3] 袁媛 GAO Haiyun;LI Yao;CHEN Yuxin;LI Hui;LIU Tianrui;YUAN Yuan(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Jiangxi Province,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Nanchang Jiangxi 330115,China;Jiangxi Health Industry Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang Jiangxi 330115,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong Yunnan 657099,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中医药健康产业研究所,中药资源可持续利用江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330115 [2]江西中医药健康产业研究院,江西南昌330115 [3]昭通学院,云南省天麻与真菌共生生物学重点实验室,云南昭通657099 [4]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国药物警戒》2024年第5期507-512,共6页Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ16-ND-12、ZZ16-XRZ-105);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B014、CI2023D001/CI2023E002-04);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);江西省“双千计划”项目;云南省天麻与真菌共生生物学重点实验室开放课题项目(TMKF2023B01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82325049)。

摘　　要：目的归纳与总结珍稀野生真菌美味牛肝菌的研究进展,并对其安全性进行评价,提出安全使用建议。方法从美味牛肝菌的形态特征、系统发育分析、生物活性成分、药理活性和重金属富集等多方面进行论述。结果美味牛肝菌子实体中蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物、膳食纤维和矿物元素等含量丰富,所含多糖、酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物、新型多功能蛋白等活性成分为其发挥抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、保肝等药理作用的物质基础,具有优越的药理活性,成为候选药物,临床应用前景开阔。野生美味牛肝菌易富集重金属(Cd、Hg、As和Pb),具有一定的风险,避免采用土地污染地区的野生美味牛肝菌,选择合适的加工方式可有效减少重金属摄入风险。结论美味牛肝菌具有优越的药用价值,但也存在潜在的安全风险,需注意安全问题。Objective To summarize the research progress related to rare wild fungus,Boletus edulis,evaluate its safety,and give tips on safe use.Methods The morphological characteristics,phylogenetics,bioactive ingredients,pharmacological activity,and heavy metal enrichment of B.edulis were discussed.Results The fruiting body was rich in protein,amino acids,carbohydrates,dietary fiber,and mineral elements.The active ingredients such as polysaccharides,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,and new multifunctional proteins were the material basis for its pharmacological effects including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,and liver-protecting properties.B.edulis had superior pharmacological activity and was a candidate drug with broad clinical applications.However,B.edulis was likely to enrich heavy metals(Cd,Hg,As and Pb) and had potential risks so that never using wild B.edulis from land contaminated areas and choosing appropriate processing methods could effectively reduce the risk of heavy metal intake.Conclusion B.edulis is of superior medicinal value,but there are also potential safety risks that are to be avoided.

关 键 词：美味牛肝菌 生物活性成分 药理活性 候选药物 重金属富集 安全使用 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]