列文森的“剃刀”——传统文化与普遍性  

Levenson's"Razor":Traditional Culture and Universality

作　　者：赵金刚 Zhao Jin'gang(Department of Philosophy,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2023年第5期109-120,M0006,共13页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“朱熹理学中‘气’的思想研究”(项目编号:18CZX028);北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“孟子:现实的理想主义者”(项目编号:21DTR001);清华大学教学改革项目“传统文化类通识课程建设”(项目编号:DX02_27)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：列文森在《儒教中国及其现代命运》中提出的普遍性转换的观点是观察当下传统文化的“剃刀”。列文森有费正清学派的背景,并且受到韦伯的中国研究的影响。他通过对儒教与近现代中国的全面考察,认为在进入近代之后,儒家便不再是中国社会的普遍性原则而进入了“博物馆”,在现代中国发挥普遍原则作用的是现代世界的精神。他认为,无论是“中体西用”还是“民族主义”的叙事,都放弃了传统的普遍性而接受了新的普遍价值。因此,今天建基于“国性”“特殊性”而来的对传统的辩护,在列文森看来都不够充分。不过,列文森的这种“一元普遍”的观点也可以从不同的角度加以检讨。总之,如何理解传统文化的普遍性,如何理解传统与马克思主义的关系,这些是我们面对列文森的“剃刀”时所必须深入思考的问题。The shift of universality,a point presented by Joseph Levenson in his Confucianism China and Its Modern Fate,has a razor effect on the traditional culture in modern China.A student of John King Fairbank,Levenson has also been influenced by the China studies of Max Weber.Through a comprehensive study of Confucianism and pre-modern China,he concludes that,after entering modern times,Confucianism has ceased to be the universal principles of Chinese societies and has been resigned to the museum.In its place is the spirit of the modern world.He believes that in the maxim of"adopting Western knowledge for its practical uses while keeping Chinese values as the core""as well as in the narratives of nationalism,traditional universality has given way to the new universal values.Therefore,in his opinion,any defence of the tradition on the grounds of"nationality"or"uniqueness"is moot.While disputable,Levenson's"singular universality"is worth examination from different angles.How to understand traditional universality and its relationship with Marxism is a question that should be in our mind when we are facing the"razor"of Levenson.

关 键 词：列文森 普遍性 儒教 现代 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学] G122[文化科学]