职业教育促进共同富裕的现实路径:工资效应与分配效应  

The Realistic Path of Vocational Education Promoting Common Prosperity:Wage Effect and Distribution Effect

作　　者：方超[1,2] 李永乐 Fang Chao;Li Yongle

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023 [2]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100048 [3]江苏省教育厅职业教育处,南京210024

出　　处：《职教发展研究》2024年第2期62-71,共10页Vocational Education Development and Research

基　　金：江苏省教育科学规划战略性与政策性重大招标课题“教育促进共同富裕的作用机制和实现路径研究”(项目编号:A/2022/a2)。

摘　　要：扎实推进共同富裕是攸关中华民族伟大复兴的重大课题。文章通过分析中国家庭收入调查数据,以教育回报率及工资收入差距的分解作为测量指标,对职业教育促进共同富裕的现实路径进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)利用描述性统计发现城乡居民的工资水平对其所接受的职业教育层级具有依附性的特征;(2)进一步通过普通最小二乘法进行基准测量,发现高职教育回报率比中职教育高出21.3%,比本科教育低9.9%;(3)利用无条件分位数回归及其分解技术,发现职业教育在促进共同富裕时具有“提低”和“扩高”的异质性收益特征,仅考虑人力资本因素时,职业教育引致的工资收入差距具有“粘地板效应”的特征。文章在此基础上提出了以职业教育为抓手,扎实推进共同富裕的现实方案。Steadily advancing Common prosperity is a major issue that has a bearing on the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Using the latest round of data of CHIP,this paper empirically analyzes the practical path of vocational education to promote Common prosperity,taking the decomposition of education return rate and wage income gap as measurement indicators.It finds that:(1)The wage level of urban and rural residents has a dependency on the level of vocational education they receive by using descriptive statistics;(2)Through further benchmark measurement by OLS,it is found that the return rate of higher vocational education is 21.3%higher than that of secondary vocational education,while 9.9%lower than that of university education;(3)Using the method of UQR,we find that vocational education has a heterogeneous income characteristic of"lowering"and"increasing"when it promotes Common prosperity.When only human capital is considered,the wage income gap caused by vocational education has a"sticky floor effect"characteristic.On this basis,the article puts forward a practical plan to promote Common prosperity with vocational education as the starting point.

关 键 词：职业教育 共同富裕 教育回报率 收入差距 工资效应 分配效应 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]