东北半干旱黑土区玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤水溶性有机碳含量及其组分的影响  

Effects of corn straw returning methods on content and components of soil water soluble organic carbon in the semiarid black soil region of northeast China

作　　者：高盼[1] 申慧波[1] 王宇先[1] 蔡姗姗 徐莹莹[1] 杨慧莹[1] 王晨 张巩亮 GAO Pan;SHEN Huibo;WANG Yuxian;CAI Shanshan;XU Yingying;YANG Huiying;WANG Chen;ZHANG Gongliang(Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China;Heilongjiang Province Black Soil Protection and Utilization Research Institute,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第3期127-135,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：西部风沙干旱区节水栽培技术集成与示范推广(CX23GG11);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021-2-C021);齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2023029)。

摘　　要：为明确不同秸秆还田方式下土壤有机碳组分的变化特征,基于6 a秸秆还田长期定位试验,利用三维荧光光谱技术,对无秸秆还田(CK)、秸秆覆盖还田(FG)、秸秆翻埋还田(FM)处理下土壤有机碳(SOC)含量及水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量及其结构特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,FM处理0~40 cm土层SOC含量提高7.87%~29.54%,FG处理0~30 cm土层SOC含量增加1.91%~18.61%,30~40 cm土层SOC含量降低7.67%;FM和FG处理0~40 cm土层土壤WSOC含量分别提升13.42%~39.42%和0.28%~26.34%。(2)通过WSOC三维荧光光谱发现,各土层CK(Ex/Em=300/34、Ex/Em=300/340、Ex/Em=240/340、Ex/Em=300/340)处理WSOC荧光特征峰为溶解性微生物代谢产物和类色氨酸蛋白质物质荧光峰;FM(Ex/Em=340/430、Ex/Em=340/430、Ex/Em=340/435、Ex/Em=340/435)和FG(Ex/Em=270/440、Ex/Em=270/435、Ex/Em=340/435、Ex/Em=340/430)处理为类腐殖酸类物质荧光特征峰,腐殖化程度较高,结构较为复杂;荧光区域积分表明,FM和FG处理类腐殖酸类物质(Ⅴ)和富里酸类物质(Ⅲ)的积分百分比分别较CK增加12.18%~27.39%、11.98%~30.72%和3.96%~5.73%、2.99%~5.40%。(3)土壤WSOC包含两个组分,C1(Ex/Em=340/435,270/435)组分为类腐殖酸类物质,C2(Ex/Em=290/345,240/345)组分为溶解性微生物代谢产物和类色氨酸蛋白质物质;F max值结果表明,0~40 cm土层的C1组分相对含量表现为FM>FG>CK,表明秸秆翻埋还田更有助于土壤中营养物质含量增加和形成更高分子量的有机物。综上,不同秸秆还田方式均可提升SOC和土壤WSOC含量,增加腐殖化程度,加强土壤的供肥能力,翻埋还田处理提升作用更为显著。To examine the changes in soil organic carbon components under different straw returning methods,based on a 6-year straw returning long-term positioning experiment,three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology was used to analyze the content and structural characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC).The treatments included no straw returning(CK),straw covering returning(FG),and straw burying returning(FM).The results showed that:(1)Compared with CK,FM treatment increased the SOC content in the 0~40 cm soil layer by 7.87%~29.54%,FG treatment increased the SOC content in the 0~30 cm soil layer by 1.91%~18.61%,and the SOC content in the 30~40 cm soil layer decreased by 7.67%.The WSOC content in the 0~40 cm soil layer increased by 13.42%to 39.42%and 0.28%to 26.34%respectively after FM and FG treatments.(2)The WSOC three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy found that the fluorescence characteristic peaks of CK(Ex/Em=300/340,Ex/Em=300/340,Ex/Em=240/340,Ex/Em=300/340)in various soil layers were soluble microbial metabolites and tryptophan like protein substances.FM(Ex/Em=340/430,Ex/Em=340/430,Ex/Em=340/435,Ex/Em=340/435)and FG(Ex/Em=270/440,Ex/Em=270/435,Ex/Em=340/435,Ex/Em=340/430)were fluorescent characteristic peaks of humic acid like substances,with a high degree of humification and a complex structure.The fluorescence region integration showed that FM and FG treatments increased the integration percentages of humic acid like substances(V)and fulvic acid like substances(III)by 12.18%to 27.39%,11.98%to 30.72%,and 3.96%to 5.73%,2.99%to 5.40%,respectively,compared with CK.(3)Soil WSOC consists of two components:C1(Ex/Em=340/435,270/435)component was composed of humic acid like substances,and C2(Ex/Em=290/345,240/345)component was composed of soluble microbial metabolites and tryptophan like protein substances.The F max value results indicated that the relative content of C1 component in the 0~40 cm soil layer was FM>FG>CK,suggesting that burying and returning straw to th

关 键 词：秸秆还田方式 土壤有机碳 水溶性有机碳 荧光结构 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]