3种蚕豆不同可食阶段主要营养素含量及超微结构的变化  

Changes in Main Nutrients and Ultrastructure of Three Types of Broad Beans at Different Edible Stages

作　　者：高春燕 李望 李媛丽 卢跃红 Gao Chunyan;Li Wang;Li Yuanli;Lu Yuehong(College of Biological Science and Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021;College of Public Health,Dali University,Dali 671000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,银川750021 [2]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国食品学报》2024年第5期441-452,共12页Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：青年人才培育项目(2021KYQD37);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03263)。

摘　　要：为探究蚕豆在采收过程中主要营养素及微观结构的变化规律,采用分光光度计、火焰原子吸收分光光度计、氨基酸分析仪、自动凯氏定氮仪、扫描电镜等研究了3个蚕豆品种(FD6、FD13和FD17)在3个可食阶段(S1、S2和S3)的还原糖、总糖、蛋白质、矿物质、氨基酸组成以及胚的微观结构。结果显示,3种的蚕豆还原糖含量范围为1.16~2.41 g/100 g,总糖含量范围为35.87~53.46 g/100 g,蛋白质含量范围为25.44%~27.45%;K、Mg、Ca和Zn是蚕豆中的主要矿物质元素,种皮和胚中不同矿物质元素在可食过程中的变化呈现多样性;蚕豆总氨基酸含量范围为19.59~88.14 g/100 g蛋白质,必需氨基酸含量为2.90~28.54 g/100 g蛋白质;以氨基酸总含量为评价指标时,FD6和FD17在可食阶段S3品质较高,而在可食阶段S1品质较低。相关性分析结果显示,在蚕豆胚和种皮中,矿物质含量与与氨基酸水平的相关性存在差异。扫描电镜观察结果表明,不同品种间、不同可食阶段淀粉颗粒存在差异。整体而言,蚕豆的种皮和胚都含有丰富的营养素。In order to explore the changes of main nutrients and microstructure of broad bean(Vicia faba)during the process of harvesting.The composition of reducing sugar,total sugar,protein,minerals,protein amino acid composition and the microstructure of embryo of three broad bean varieties(FD6,FD13 and FD17)at three edible stages(S1,S2 and S3)were studied using the spectrophotometer,flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer,amino acid analyzer,automatic nitrogen determination analyzer and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the content of reducing sugar,total sugar and protein of three broad bean varieties was in the range of 1.16-2.41 g/100 g,35.87-53.46 g/100 g and 25.44%-27.45%.K,Mg,Ca and Zn were the major mineral elements in broad bean.Moreover,the changes of different mineral elements in seed coat and embryo during the edible process were diverse.The content of total amino acid,essential amino acid and medicinal amino acid of broad bean ranged from 19.59 to 88.14,2.90 to 28.54 and 10.58 to 61.59 g/100 g protein,respectively.When taking amino acid content as the evaluation index,the qualities of FD6 and FD17 at S3 were higher than those of S1 stage.The result of correlation analysis showed that the interaction between mineral absorption and enrichment and amino acid synthesis of broad bean embryo was different from that of seed coat.Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that there were differences in starch granules between different varieties and different edible stages.On the whole,the seed coat and embryo of broad bean are rich in nutrients.

关 键 词：蚕豆 可食阶段 营养成分 超微结构 

分 类 号：TS214[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]