基于定价因素和服务水平的公共汽电车票价制定方法--以青岛市为例  

Bus Transit Fares Based on Pricing Factors and Level of Service:a Case Study of Qingdao

作　　者：赵向宇 杜光远[2] 钟朝晖[2] 夏齐 ZHAO Xiangyu;DU Guangyuan;ZHONG Zhaohui;XIA Qi(Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd.of China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Transportation Development Center,Qingdao Municipal Transport Bureau,Qingdao Shandong 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]交科院技术咨询(北京)有限公司,北京100029 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [3]青岛市交通运输局运输事业发展中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《城市交通》2024年第2期102-111,共10页Urban Transport of China

摘　　要：面对城市公共汽电车客运量下滑严重、财政补贴额度大幅上涨的压力,亟须制定符合新常态下城市发展特征的可持续公共汽电车票价政策。将公益性和市场化相结合,统筹考虑政府负担能力、居民经济承受能力和公共汽电车与城市轨道交通比价关系,对公共汽电车票价制定方法开展研究。以青岛市为例,通过与同类型城市进行对比,分别讨论人次票价成本比、运营补贴占城市财政收入比例、公共汽电车出行支出占居民收入比例、公共汽电车与城市轨道交通比价关系4个定价因素对公共汽电车票价制定的影响,确定平均人次票价初步方案为1.35元。构建由准则层4个指标、指标层14项指标构成的公共汽电车服务水平评价指标体系,基于服务水平综合评价结果调校确定平均人次票价为1.40元。结果显示,在这一票价水平下4个定价因素均处于青岛市合理目标范围。With the substantial decline in urban bus transit passenger volumes and significant increase in fiscal subsidies,it is imperative to formulate a sustainable bus transit fare policy that aligns with the characteristics of urban development under the new normal.Combining public welfare and marketization and taking into account the government's capacity,residents'affordability,and the pricing relationship between bus transit and urban rail transit,this paper explores the pricing method for bus transit fares.Taking Qingdao as an example and comparing it with similar cities,the paper addresses the impact of four pricing factors on the pricing of bus transit fares:the passenger fare-cost ratio,the proportion of operating subsidies to urban fiscal revenue,the proportion of expenditure on bus transit fares to residents'income,and the pricing relationship between bus transit and urban rail transit.A scheme of preliminary average passenger fare is determined to be¥1.35.An evaluation index system is developed for bus transit level of service that consists of four criteria and 14 indicators at the index level;the final average passenger fare is adjusted to¥1.40 based on the comprehensive evaluation results.The results show that at this fare level,all the four pricing factors are within the reasonable target range for Qingdao.

关 键 词：公共汽电车 票制票价 票价成本比 运营补贴 平均人次票价 服务水平 青岛市 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]