青少年早期受欺凌发展轨迹:抑郁、自尊和学业成就的预测作用  

Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence:The Predictive Role of Depression,Self-esteem and Academic Achievement

作　　者：辛国刚 张李斌 常睿生 张云运 Xin Guogang;Zhang Libin;Chang Ruisheng;Zhang Yunyun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（心理学）》2023年第12期40-54,共15页

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(19YJA190011);北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心研究生自主课题(BJZK-2020A3-20009,BJZK2020A1-20003)。

摘　　要：青少年早期是同伴关系深入发展的转折点,而遭受欺凌使这一时期的青少年面临严峻发展挑战。受欺凌发展轨迹具有群体异质性,明确受欺凌群体的不同发展轨迹,并进一步探明预测不同发展轨迹的风险和保护因素,对于帮助受欺凌者摆脱困境具有重要意义。本研究以中国中部某省会2560名初一学生为研究对象,采用问卷法测试了七年级第一学期末的抑郁、自尊和学业成就水平,并对受欺凌水平进行了2年4次追踪分析。结果表明:(1)青少年早期的受欺凌发展轨迹包括低-稳定组(75%)、低-上升组(8%)高-下降组(12%)和高-稳定组(5%);(2)抑水平高的个体最可能进入高-稳定组,次可能进入高-下降组和低-稳定组;(3)低自尊个体最可能进入低一上升组,次可能进入低一稳定组;(4)低学业成就个体最可能进入高一稳定组和高一下降组,次可能进入低一稳定组和低一上升组。研究结果证明了抑郁、低自尊和低学业成就是预测青少年受欺凌发展轨迹的重要风险因素,为发展级联的理论建构提供了实证依据。The development trajectories of the bullying victims are highly group heterogeneous.It is of great sig-nificance to help bullying victims get out of the predicament by clarifying the different developmental trajectories of the victims,identifying the high-risk groups,and further exploring the risk and protective factors that predict differ-ent development trajectories.The sample was composed of 2560 adolescents junior high school students in Central China.Depression,self-esteem and academic achievement was assessed at the end of the first semester of grade seven and victimization was assessed at 4 different time points from seventh to eighth grade.The results showed that:(1)There were four types of early adolescent bullying victimization trajectories,namely low-stable victims(75%),low-increasing victims(8%),high-decreasing victims(12%),and high-stable victims(5%).(2)In-dividuals with a high level of depression are more likely to enter the high-stable victims,the second likely to enter the high-decreasing victims and the low-stable victims.(3)Individuals with low self-esteem are more likely to enter the low-increasing victims,the second likely to enter the low-stable victims.(4)Individuals with a low lev-el of academic achievement are more likely to enter the high-stable victims and high-decreasing victims,the sec-ond likely to enter the low-stable victims and low-increasing victims.The research results not only prove that high depression,low self-esteem and low academic achievement are risk factors for the development of bullying victimization,but also provide an empirical basis for the theoretical construction of the developmental cascade.

关 键 词：青少年早期 受欺凌 抑郁 自尊 学业成就 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] G444[哲学宗教—心理学]