自闭症谱系障碍儿童对面孔加工的同龄偏向效应  

The Own-Age Bias in Face Processing in Children with ASD

作　　者：魏玲[1] 王静[1] 余有依 刘人豪 白学军[3] Wei Ling;Wang Jing;Yu Youyi;Liu Renhao;Bai Xuejun

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学健康学院应用心理学系,福州350108 [2]浙江长征职业技术学院基础部,杭州330025 [3]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（心理学）》2023年第7期26-36,共11页

基　　金：福建省教育科学“十三五”规划重点课题(FJJKCGZ18-828);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2020J01656);福建省卫健委青年科学基金(2017-1-68)的资助。

摘　　要：采用视觉追踪技术,探讨自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童面孔加工的同龄偏向效应。实验1选取19名ASD儿童和23名生理年龄匹配的普通儿童(typically developing,TD)为被试,通过自由观看同龄和异龄中性面孔,探讨ASD儿童是否存在面孔加工的同龄偏向效应;实验2选取22名ASD儿童和生理年龄匹配的25名TD儿童,通过自由观看快乐、愤怒和恐惧面孔,探讨情绪对ASD儿童面孔加工同龄偏向的影响。结果发现,(1)ASD儿童对同龄中性面孔的注视时间显著大于异龄中性面孔;(2)ASD儿童在惯怒和恐惧情绪下对同龄面孔的注视时间显著大于异龄面孔,而在快乐情绪下同龄和异龄的注视时间则无显著差异。这表明ASD儿童对面孔的注视加工存在同龄偏向效应,且受情绪的影响。Purposes:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired/atypical social attention as one of its core deficits/features.A deeper understanding of ASD childrens social cognitive characteristics has crucial implications for clinical and educational practice.Previous research found that children with ASD exhibited specific face processing patterns,but without much consensus reached so far.One possible explanation for the low consistency in conclusion is that many prior studies did not take into account the own-age bias(OAB)in face processing,which refers to the phenomenon that individuals are more accurate at perceiving and remembering own-relative to other-age faces.However,little research has investigated the OAB in face processing in children with ASD.Therefore,the present study aimed to explore the OAB in face processing in children with ASD(Experiment 1)and to test whether emotional valence modulates the OAB(Experiment 2).Procedures:The eye-tracking technology was used to explore the effect of the OAB in face processing of children with ASD.In experiment 1,we recruited 19 children with ASD and 23 age-matched typically developing(TD)children.Subjects were instructed to freely view 12 pictures of neutral faces of own age(child face condition)and of other age(adult face condition)to examine whether there was an OAB of face processing.Each picture was presented for 4s with a ls central cross calibration between pictures.In experiment 2,we recruited 22 children with ASD and 25 age-matched TD children to investigate the influences of emotions on the OAB of face processing.Subjects were asked to freely watch pictures of happy,angry and fearful face.Sixteen pictures were used for each emotion valence;half of them were own-age faces and the other half were other-age faces.All trials were counterbalanced.Results:Experiment 1 found that children with TD spent significantly more time viewing other-age faces than own-age faces;on the contrary,children with ASD spent more time viewing own-

关 键 词：自闭症谱系障碍 面孔加工 同龄偏向效应 情绪 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]