我国小学生考试焦虑状况、影响及其成因——基于SSES2019调查数据的分析  

The Status,Impact and Cause of Test Anxiety among Chinese Primary School Students:An Analysis Based on Data from the SSES2019 Survey

作　　者：何沛芸 卿灿 HE Peiyun;QING Can(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学,南京210023 [2]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第6期90-99,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“中小学劳动教育评价与质量提升机制研究”(CFA210249)。

摘　　要：行之有效的考试焦虑干预手段,对于保护中小学生心理健康具有重要意义。本研究采用SSES2019年调查数据对我国小学生考试焦虑状况、影响及成因进行初步探讨。研究发现:我国超过三成小学生存在考试焦虑现象,“考试不自信”是小学生考试焦虑主要表现形式;回归分析发现考试焦虑不利于小学生学业发展,阅读成绩受到的影响最为明显,且“考试不自信”对学生学业成绩的负向影响最大;教师期望和家长期望对小学生考试焦虑具有显著正向影响,学校和家庭因素是造成小学生考试焦虑的主要原因。基于此,研究提出三个方面改进举措,包括优化考试制度、建立情感支持体系,转变教育观念、营造和谐家庭氛围,倡导教育多元、加强家庭学校社会合作。Effective intervention measures for test anxiety are crucial for protecting students'mental health.Using data from the SSES2019 survey,this study preliminarily examines the status,impact and causes of test anxiety among primary school students in China.The findings reveal that over 30%of Chinese primary school students have experienced test anxiety,with the'lack of self-confidence in tests'being the predominant manifestation.Empirical regression analysis demonstrates that test anxiety detrimentally affects primary school students'academic performance,particularly in reading achievement,while'lack of self-confidence in tests'has the most negative impact on students'academic achievement.Furthermore,both teachers'and parents'expectations have significant positive impacts on students'test anxiety,with school and family factors being the primary causes.Based on these findings,three improvement strategies are proposed:optimizing the examination system and establishing emotional support mechanisms;transforming educational ideologies and fostering harmonious family environments;and advocating for educational diversity and strengthening collaboration between schools and families.

关 键 词：考试焦虑 小学生 学业成绩 教师期望 家长期望 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]