高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及斜井辅助泄压缓解效果研究  

Research on Sonic Boom in Long Tunnels of High-Speed Railways and Alleviation Effect of Auxiliary Relief through Inclined Shaft

作　　者：韩嘉强 马伟斌 程爱君 王辰 高龙 杨旭 张桐 HAN Jiaqiang;MA Weibin;CHENG Aijun;WANG Chen;GAO Long;YANG Xu;ZHANG Tong(Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2024年第3期87-96,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(J2023G001)。

摘　　要：随着高速铁路隧道运营速度不断增大,隧道空气动力学问题日益凸显。为此,首先调研整理国内外典型高速铁路隧道音爆案例,并在国内某隧道开展一系列实车测试试验,分析200,250和300 km·h^(-1)3个典型速度条件下隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度与洞口微气压波峰值变化规律,并对比不同斜井启闭条件下的辅助泄压缓解效果。结果表明:音爆现象主要发生在长度大于5.0 km隧道;当列车速度低于300 km·h^(-1)时,测试隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与隧道洞口微气压波峰值相对较小,此时压缩波未发生激化,测试隧道洞口未监测到音爆;当列车速度达到300 km·h^(-1)及以上时,压缩波发生激化,初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与洞口微气压波峰值分别超过90 kPa·s^(-1),150 Pa,此时在测试隧道洞口监测到明显音爆现象;相同速度条件下,不同动车组通过测试隧道时隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与洞口微气压波峰值存在一定差异,CRH380系列动车组测试数据低于CR400系列动车组;开启斜井能够缓解压力梯度及微气压波峰值,但开启压力梯度峰值达到最大值位置之前的斜井缓解效果更好,而同时开启隧道进口、出口处2个斜井对于压力梯度峰值缓解率最大可达到27.5%。With the increasing operational speed of high-speed train tunnels,tunnel aerodynamic effects and its side effects become prominent.A survey of domestic and international cases of sonic boom was first conducted.Afterwards,a set of full-scale tests were carried out in the test tunnel to investigate the basic variation laws of initial pressure gradient of the compression wave and amplitude of micro-pressure wave at the tunnel portal under three typical speeds at 200 km·h^(-1),250 km·h^(-1),and 300 km·h^(-1).A comparison was also made of the alleviation effects of auxiliary pressure relief under different conditions of inclined shaft.Research declares major findings as:1)Sonic boom mainly occurs in tunnels longer than 5.0 km.The peak value of the initial pressure gradient produced by the compression wave and the maximum value of micro-pressure wave are relatively smaller and increase slowly when the train speed is below 300 km/h,indicating that the compression wave has not been intensified,and no sonic boom was detected at the test tunnel portal.Once the train speed reaches 300 km·h^(-1) or above,the compression wave will be steepened.Peak values of the initial pressure gradient and micro-pressure wave exceed 90 kPa·s^(-1) and 150 Pa,respectively.In such condition,noise produced by the sonic boom is observed;2)For the same speed level,peak values of the initial pressure gradient and micro-pressure wave are different due to the train type.Measurements obtained from CRH380 high-speed train tests are found to be relatively lower than those derived from CR400 high-speed train tests;3)Peak values of the initial pressure gradient and micro-pressure wave can be reduced by opening the inclined shaft.Opening the inclined shaft can alleviate the wavefront gradient and the peak micro-pressure wave,but it is more effective to open the inclined shaft before the position where the peak pressure gradient reaches its maximum value.According to the test results,the maximum alleviation effect reaches 27.5%when the two inclined sh

关 键 词：高速铁路隧道 音爆 实车测试 压力梯度 微气压波 缓解效果 

分 类 号：U451.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]