论单方虚假诉讼的民事程序规制  

On the Regulation of Unilateral False Lawsuit in Civil Litigation

作　　者：林剑锋[1] Lin Jianfeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2023年第11期95-109,共15页Procedural Law And Judicial Systems

基　　金：北京市社科基金青年项目“京津冀协同发展下的跨行政区划法院体制研究”(17FXB012)。

摘　　要：《民诉法修正案》新增的单方虚假诉讼规范存在与双方通谋型虚假诉讼的同质化问题,应当从司法秩序的单向保护视角转向兼顾对方当事人权益保护的双向视角,秉持区分化的基本逻辑对要件和效果进行再构筑。单方诉讼欺诈的民事侵权责任实行以捏造基本事实和主观故意为核心的四要件,无须设立非法侵害利益的主观目的要件,以区别于滥用诉讼权利的恶意诉讼。强制措施则排除损害对方权益的结果要件,妨害司法秩序的行为要件应以法院耗费的司法资源为认定标准。法律效果应根据立案、审前、开庭、执行等阶段,形成裁定驳回、判决驳回、强制措施、再审推翻、反诉侵权的规制体系,民事制裁在证明标准、适用范围、处罚折抵等方面与刑事惩罚有机衔接。The norm of unilateral false lawsuit newly added in the amendment of Civil Procedure Law has the problem of homogenization with false lawsuit involving collusion.It is necessary to shift from the one-way protection perspective towards judicial order to the two-way perspective which takes into account the protection of the other party's rights and interests.The elements and effects shall be reconstructed under the basic logic of differentiation.The civil liability for unilateral false lawsuit should be based on the four elements including fabrication of basic facts and subjective intent instead of setting up the subjective purpose element of illegal infringement of interests,in order to distinguish it from the malicious lawsuit of abuse of litigation rights.On the other hand,the compulsory measures should exclude the result element of harming the other party's rights and interests,and the act element of obstructing judicial order shall be determined by the judicial resources consumed by the court.The legal effect should be based on the stages of filing,pre-trial,trial and execution,and form a regulatory system including ruling to dismiss,judg-ment to dismiss,coercive measures,retrial to overturn,counter-suit infringement.Civil sanctions shall connect organi-cally with criminal punishment in the aspects of standard of proof,scope of application,penalty trade-offs and so on.

关 键 词：虚假诉讼 诚信原则 真实义务 恶意串通 单方欺诈 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]