强横风下高速列车外风挡非定常气动载荷特性研究  

Unsteady aerodynamic load characteristics of outer windshields of high-speed train in strong crosswind

作　　者：史永达 徐晔 李雪亮 杨明智[3] SHI Yongda;XU Ye;LI Xueliang;YANG Mingzhi(National Laboratory of Engineering,National Engineering Research Center for High-speed EMU,CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;Technique Center,CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Central South University,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司国家工程技术研究中心国家工程实验室,山东青岛266111 [2]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司技术中心,山东青岛266111 [3]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期1782-1792,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2021J035)。

摘　　要：随着列车服役时间的延长,在恶劣运营环境作用下,外风挡容易出现变形、龟裂等故障问题,危害行车安全。为分析恶劣环境下外风挡的位移、应力及气动激励的变化规律,基于流固耦合振动理论,采用数值仿真方法,分析高速列车以速度250 km/h在不同横风风速环境下运行时,车端外风挡的气动性能和流固耦合特性。研究结果表明:列车不同位置处的外风挡均在迎风侧的尾流区域产生最大位移和应力,且随横风风速的提高而增大。当车速为250 km/h,横风风速为25 m/s时,外风挡的最大位移产生于Fd1-3截面,对应的位移为8.63 mm。气动力频率方面,外风挡所受气动力的主频较为集中,不同位置的气动力主频均围绕一个固定值小幅波动。在15、20和25 m/s横风风速下,外风挡所受气动力主频分别为5、15和19 Hz。综合位移与气动激励情况,二者在整体趋势上有较好的对应关系,位移的响应会略微滞后于气动激励的响应。As trains accumulate more service time,the external windshield becomes susceptible to deformation,cracking,and other malfunctions under harsh operational conditions,posing a threat to operational safety.To analyze the displacement,stress and variations in aerodynamic excitation of the external windshield in adverse environments,numerical simulation methods were employed based on the theory of fluid-structure interaction vibration.The aerodynamic performance and fluid-structure coupling characteristics of the external windshield of high-speed trains operating at speeds of 250 km/h in different crosswind conditions were analyzed.The results show that the external windshield at various positions on the train experiences the maximum displacement and stress in the leeward wake region,with these effects increasing with crosswind speed.Regarding aerodynamic force frequency,the main frequencies of the aerodynamic forces on the external windshield are relatively concentrated,showing small fluctuations around a fixed value at different positions.Considering both displacement and aerodynamic excitation,there is a good correspondence in the overall trend,with the displacement response slightly lagging behind the aerodynamic excitation.

关 键 词：流固耦合 高速列车 外风挡 强横风 气动特性 

分 类 号：U292.914[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]