耦合排障−吸能的高速列车排障器结构双尺度拓扑优化设计  

Dual-scale topology optimization design of high speed train obstacle deflector structure coupling obstacle removal and energy absorption

作　　者：郭砚昭 张乐乐[1,2] 窦伟元 GUO Yanzhao;ZHANG Lele;DOU Weiyuan(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Railway Vehicle Operation Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学轨道车辆运用工程国家国际科技合作基地,北京100044

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期1966-1978,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52202431,52172353)。

摘　　要：排障器置于列车前端,先于车体冲击排开轨道上的障碍物。在列车速度或障碍物尺寸发生改变时,排障器结构在刚度和吸能特性上具有不同的设计要求。为了设计一种耦合排障−吸能的结构形式,提出一种整体大刚度(排障)、局部结构降低冲击力(削峰吸能)的双尺度优化设计方法。该方法在以刚度为目标的整体结构初设计中确定变形区间,并在串行路线下完成以引导结构变形为目标的局部结构优化,最终形成新型排障器。研究结果表明:在基于标准EN 15227的静载荷工况下,新型排障器结构的质量降低了7%,同时,结构安全性提升;在冲击刚性墙仿真中,相较于原有排障器,新型排障器的峰值力降低了17.5%,且优化后的缓冲梁结构使排障器中部产生的弯折变形变为压缩变形,有效缓解了排障器后侧对车体结构的挤压现象。The obstacle deflector is placed at the front end of the train and is used to clear obstacles on the track before the train body impacts them.The design requirements for the obstacle deflector structure differ in terms of stiffness and energy absorption characteristics when the train speed or obstacle size changes.To design a structure coupling obstacle removal and energy absorption,a dual-scale optimization design method that combined high overall stiffness(obstacle removal)with local structural reduction of impact force(peak shaving and energy absorption)was proposed.In the preliminary design of the overall structure,the deformation interval was determined with stiffness as the target,and then,in the serial route,the local structural optimization was conducted to guide the structural deformation,resulting in a new type of obstacle deflector.The results show that under the static load conditions according to standard EN 15227,the mass of the new obstacle deflector structure is reduced by 7%and obstacle deflection safety is improved.In the simulation of impact on a rigid wall,the peak force of the new obstacle deflector is reduced by 17.5%compared to that of the original obstacle deflector.Additionally,the optimized buffer beam structure transforms the bending deformation in the middle of the obstacle deflector into compressive deformation,effectively alleviating the squeeze of the obstacle deflector against the rear of the train body.

关 键 词：高速列车 排障器 等效静态载荷法 拓扑优化 

分 类 号：U270.3[机械工程—车辆工程]