学分绩点制下学优生的策略主义行动及生成逻辑  

Strategic Actions of High Achiever Students and the Generative Logic Under the GPA System

作　　者：黄亚苹 张洋磊[2] 王曦影 Huang Yaping;Zhang Yanglei;Wang Xiying

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育基本理论研究院,北京100875 [2]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《江苏高教》2024年第6期58-66,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：湖北省教育科学规划2023年度重大招标课题“基础学科拔尖创新人才培养的路径和对策研究”(2023ZD008);国家社会科学基金重大委托项目“新兴青年群体的利益诉求与政治倾向研究——国家治理现代化视角下新兴青年群体的社会整合”(21@ZH025)。

摘　　要：学分绩点制作为国际通行的评价学生学习质和量的评价制度,与本科生学业晋升和职业发展紧密关联。本研究借鉴布迪厄场域理论,以“双一流”建设高校H大学为例,从学生视角出发,探究学分绩点制下学优生的策略主义行动及其生成逻辑。“先发制人”与“奋起直追”的两类学优生在先后洞察大学场域游戏规则的基础上,分别采取防御策略和突围策略,在学习过程中实践“数字游戏”“变轨游戏”“关系游戏”等策略主义行动,生成保研流动的默会规则。研究发现,量化学生评价在科学、客观的外衣下成为大学场域运行的主导逻辑,平均学分绩点直接规定了个体在大学场域中占据的位置,学优生在地位获得竞争中承认评价中的符号权力,甚至在重视教育的文化期待下再生产保研“向上流动”“本校保底”“逆向读研”的教育流动话语。在创新人才培养目标下,大学需要明确学分绩点制的实践限度,警惕量化学生评价的选拔功能过度膨胀,及其对教育功能和人的创造性发展的挤压。The Grade Point Average(known as GPA)System,as an internationally recognized assessment system for evaluating the quality and quantity of student learning,is closely related to the personal development of undergraduate students.Drawing on Bourdieu'theory of"field",this study takes University H,a"double first-class"university,as an example to explore the strategic actions of high achiever students and the corresponding generative mechanisms under the GPA system from the students'perspectives.On the basis of insight into the rules of the GPA system,the students grouped as"pre-emptive"and"catch-up"adopt defensive strategies and breakout strategies respectively.They take strategic actions such as"number games","derailment games"and"relationship games"in the learning process.High achiever students also establish the tacit rules in competing for recommended postgraduate programs.This study finds that quantitative evaluation has become the dominant principle in universities in the name of its scientific and objective characteristics.The GPA defines an individual's position in college and high achiever students recognize the symbolic power of quantitative evaluation through position competition.Under the cultural expectation of valuing education,they also reproduce the educational discourse of"getting into a university with a higher ranking""staying in the same university"and"getting into a university with a lower ranking".A higher education system that aims to cultivate innovative talents needs to understand that the GPA system has a limited role in the talent selection,and it is necessary to avoid the excessive expansion of the selection function of quantitative evaluation,which may undermine the function of education and limit the creative development of students.

关 键 词：学分绩点制 学优生 策略主义行动 学生评价 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]