《理想国》第一卷中的三种正义观及其困境解读  

An Interpretation of the Three Views of Justice and Their Dilemmas in Vol.Ⅰ of The Republic

作　　者：鞠杨秀 Ju Yangxiu(Shandong Labor Vocational and Technical College,Jinan 250000)

机构地区：[1]山东劳动职业技术学院,济南250000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第11期144-147,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：《理想国》第一卷中呈现了三种正义观及其困境:克法洛斯主张金钱帮助其避免了不忠不义,正义就是有话实说、欠债还钱;玻勒马霍斯提出正义是一门特殊技艺,正义者是以善待友、以恶对敌的;色拉叙马霍斯坚持强者统治论,认为正义是强者的利益,不正义者比正义者更加幸福,还原了苏格拉底和其他人的对话辩论,驳斥了克法洛斯、玻勒马霍斯以及色拉叙马霍斯的所谓正义观,推演了“助产术”如何一步步将这三种观点引向困境。卷一是柏拉图借苏格拉底之口,利用极具独特性的内容和形式,对《理想国》的核心——“什么是正义”进行的深入讨论,先破除当时主流的正义观,再寻找真正的正义定义,却又未得出一个明确的结论,彰显出苏格拉底的哲学智慧以及柏拉图的政治思想,启示着人们对良好德性与幸福生活的思考。In Vol.Ⅰof The Republic,three views of justice and their dilemmas are presented:Cephalus advocates that money helps him avoid disloyalty and injustice,and justice is to tell the truth and pay back what you owe;Polemarchus proposes that justice is a special skill,and the just treats their friends with kindness and their enemies with evil;Thrasymachus adheres to the rule of the strong,and believes that justice is the interest of the strong,and the unjust are happier than the just.The dialogue and debate between Socrates and others are restored,and the so-called views of justice of Cephalus,Polymachus and Thrasymachus are refuted,and how the“midwifery”leads these three views to the dilemmas step by step.In Vol.Ⅰ,the in-depth discussion of“what is justice”,the core of The Republic,first breaks down the mainstream view of justice at that time,and then searches for the true definition of justice without coming to a clear conclusion,revealing the philosophical wisdom of Socrates as well as Plato’s political thoughts,and enlightens people to think about good virtue and happy life.

关 键 词：《理想国》 苏格拉底 正义观 

分 类 号：B502.232[哲学宗教—外国哲学]