高等教育普及化阶段非传统学生学习适应问题探赜——基于美国高校经验  

Exploring the Learning Adjustment of Non-Traditional Students at the Stage of Popularization of Higher Education——Based on the American College Experience

作　　者：刘培颖 LIU Peiying(Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen,361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《高等理科教育》2024年第3期27-37,共11页Higher Education of Sciences

摘　　要：随着世界高等教育普及化进程日渐深广,高校非传统学生日益增多,学生群体多样性凸显。美国作为最早进入普及化阶段的国家,率先迎来了非传统学生的“井喷”式增长。通过对美国相关政策文件、研究报告等文献资料的分析,发现非传统学生普遍面临学习适应困境,集中表现为:学业基础方面,知识准备与技能准备双重薄弱;学业持久性方面,年度自然流失率居高不下;学业完成度方面,按时毕业率与延迟毕业率双重走低。借鉴过渡理论剖析其原因,非传统学生学习适应问题受到外在沉重的经济负担、内在消极的自我认知、角色冲突带来的支持网络脆弱和个体决策时巨大的信息障碍四重影响。非传统学生学习适应问题是普及化阶段世界高等教育可能面临的“通病”,破解这一困境,构建全过程、全方位的非传统学生学业支持系统,是普及化高等教育高质量发展的题中之义,有必要强化学前准备,打造针对性过渡项目;打破学习边界,提供灵活性教育教学活动;完善资助体系,健全多元化资助渠道;搭建一站式平台,塑造个性化服务机制。As countries around the world enter the stage of popularization of higher education one after an⁃other,the number of non-traditional students in colleges and universities is increasing,and the diversity of student groups has become prominent.The United States,as the first country to enter the popularization stage,has been the first to see a"spurt"in the growth of non-traditional students.Through a review of relevant aca⁃demic papers,research reports,policy documents,and other literature in the United States,it is found that nontraditional students generally face learning adjustment difficulties,which are mainly manifested as:weaknesses in both knowledge and skill readiness in terms of academic foundation;high annual attrition rate in terms of ac⁃ademic persistence;and low on-time graduation rate and late graduation rate in terms of academic comple⁃tion.Drawing on transition theory to analyze the causes,non-traditional students'academic adjustment prob⁃lems are affected by four factors:external heavy financial burden,internal negative self-perception,weak sup⁃port network due to role conflict,and huge information barriers in individual decision-making.The problem of non-traditional students'adaptation to learning is a common problem faced by higher education in the world at the stage of popularization.To solve this dilemma and build a comprehensive and all-round academic support system for non-traditional students is the key to the high-quality development of popularized higher education,and it is necessary to strengthen pre-preparation and create targeted transition programs;break the boundaries of learning and provide flexible education and teaching activities;improve the financial support system and sound diversified financial support channels;and build a one-stop platform and shape the personalized service mechanism.

关 键 词：高等教育普及化 非传统学生 学习适应 美国高校 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]