积久而返本:《太平经》“承负说”新论  

Accumulation and Return:A New Discussion of the Theory of Undertaking in the Scripture of the Great Peace

作　　者：伍小劼 Wu Xiaojie

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学系,上海200234

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第3期68-81,165,166,共16页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：《太平经》有其独特的理论背景,在此之下,《太平经》提出了承负说。承负的表现可分为自然内部有承负、自然与人之间有承负、人对自身有承负、人与社会生活中有承负。这一理论依靠现实、气化流行、神明官僚体系的支撑而实现,具体展开为从所失小小到积久难返。承负灾厄的原因可以归结于两点:一是没有真正符合天道的文书来教导人们天道的真正要求;二是人们在不清楚道的真正要求的情况下纵于物欲,不能谨守三实,顺道而行。经文提出解除承负灾厄需要通过从天师、真人、国君、百姓等人类整体的共同努力。承负说将从上古到下古的世界的堕落还原为个体对道本质的离反与失落;同样通过承负,《太平经》描绘了在所有个体的共同努力下,从下古返归道治的蓝图。The Scripture of the Great Peace put forward the theory of undertaking in an unique theoretical context.The performance of undertaking can be divided into undertaking within nature,undertaking between nature and human beings,undertaking that man bearing to himself,and undertaking within ones social life.The realizing of this theory relies on comprehensive investigation of reality,the flow of Qi,and the divine bureaucratic system.Undertaking concretely manifests itself in the process from minor mistake to accumulating problems until being hard to resolve.The undertaking of disaster can be attributed to two points:first,there is no document really conforming to the Heavenly Dao to teach people the real demands of Dao;and second,people indulge in material desires without knowing clearly the real demands of Dao and how to act complying with Dao.The scripture proposes that the relief of undertaking disaster needs joint efforts of Daoist masters,immortals,monarchs,and common people.The theory of undertaking reduces the degeneration from the remote antiquity to the late antiquity to the betrayal and loss to the nature of Dao on individuals.And in the same way,the Scripture of the Great Peace describes a blueprint that the world returns from the late antiquity to the time when the world operates according Dao by undertaking.

关 键 词：《太平经》 承负 天师 报应 

分 类 号：B958[哲学宗教—宗教学] B223[历史地理—历史学] K234.2[历史地理—中国史]