水氮互作对冬小麦农田NH_(3)和N_(2)O排放及产量的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen interactions on NH_(3)and N_(2O)emissions and yield in winter wheat cropland

作　　者：张玉娇 庞桂斌[1] 余静 张海峰 张立志 王昕[2] 董文旭[3] 徐征和[1] ZHANG Yujiao;PANG Guibin;YU Jing;ZHANG Haifeng;ZHANG Lizhi;WANG Xin;DONG Wenxu;XU Zhenghe(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Pro-vince,Jinan 250014,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,济南250022 [2]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250014 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第5期1283-1292,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800601);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME255)资助。

摘　　要：为研究不同灌溉施氮模式对冬小麦农田氮素气态损失的影响,以冬小麦为研究对象,在山东省长清灌溉试验站开展田间试验。试验设置了2种测墒补灌水平:80%~90%田间持水量(θ_(f))(I_(1))、70%~80%θ_(f)(I_(2));3个施氮量:常规施氮240 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1))、减氮12.5%(N_(2))和减氮25%(N_(3)),共6个处理。结果表明:施肥或灌溉后2~4 d内均会出现氨挥发速率和氧化亚氮排放峰,追肥期的氨挥发速率明显高于基肥期。I_(2)N_(2)处理在追肥期的氨挥发平均速率较其他处理降低10.1%~51.6%,在全生育期内氧化亚氮平均排放速率较其他处理降低了15.4%~52.2%。氨挥发速率与表层土壤pH值、铵态氮含量呈显著正相关,氧化亚氮排放速率与表层土壤硝态氮含量呈显著正相关。土壤氨挥发累积量为0.83~1.42 kg·hm^(-2),氧化亚氮排放累积量为0.11~0.33 kg·hm^(-2),适量减少灌水量和施氮量可以有效减少氨挥发和氧化亚氮累积排放量,其中,I_(1)N_(3)、I_(2)N_(2)处理氨挥发和氧化亚氮累积排放量显著低于其他处理。I_(2)N_(2)处理冬小麦产量最高,为5615.6 kg·hm^(-2)。I_(2)处理灌溉水利用效率均显著高于I_(1)处理,最大增幅达到45.2%,与N_(1)、N_(3)处理相比,N_(2)处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率最大增幅分别达到15.2%、31.8%。综上,以70%~80%θ_(f)测墒补灌且施氮量为210 kg·hm^(-2)可以有效提高冬小麦水氮利用效率并降低农田氮素气态损失。To investigate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application modes on nitrogen gaseous loss in winter wheat farmland,we conducted a field experiment at Changqing Irrigation Experiment Station in Shandong Province,with two irrigation levels(80%-90%θ_f(I_1)and 70%-80%θ_f(I_2))and three nitrogen application levels(conventional nitrogen application of 240 kg·hm~(-2)(N_1),nitrogen reduction of 12.5%(N_2),and nitrogen reduction of 25%(N_3)).The results showed that ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission rate peak appeared within 2-4 days after fertilization or irrigation.The ammonia volatilization rate during the chasing fertilizer period was significantly higher than that during the basal fertilizer period.Compared with other treatments,the ave-rage ammonia volatilization rate of I_2N_(2)treatment during the chasing fertilizer period was reduced by 10.1%-51.6%,and the average nitrous oxide emission rate over the whole growth period was reduced by 15.4%-52.2%.The ammonia volatilization rate was significantly positively associated with surface soil pH value and ammonium nitrogen content,while the nitrous oxide emission rate was significantly positively associated with nitrate content in topsoil.The accumulation amount of soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission ranged from 0.83-1.42 and 0.11-0.33 kg·hm~(-2),respectively.Moderate reduction of irrigation water and nitrogen input could effectively reduce cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from winter wheat farmland.The cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission under I_1N_(3)and I_2N_(2)treatments were signi-ficantly lower than those under other treatments.The highest winter wheat yield(5615.6 kg·hm~(-2))appeared in I_2N_(2)treatment.The irrigation water utilization efficiency of I_(2)was significantly higher than that of I_1,with the maximum increase rate of 45.2%.Compared with N_(1)and N_(3)treatments,the maximum increase rate of nitrogen fertilizer productivity

关 键 词：冬小麦 水氮互作 氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]