关于完成体语言类型学研究的思考  

Research on the typology of the perfect aspect

作　　者：张麟声 ZHANG Linsheng(College of Japanese Language and Culture,Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College,Xiamen 363105,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学嘉庚学院

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2024年第3期370-380,479,共12页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：厦门大学嘉庚学院科研启动基金(JG2022SRF05)的支持。

摘　　要：Dahl&Velupillai(2013)是关于完成体(perfect)语言类型学的大规模调查成果。本文认为Dahl和Velupillai通过结果性和经历性两种用法来界定完成体不失为一种可行的研究方法,但把日语列为无完成体语言的做法有待商榷。本文通过对比日语标准语与日语方言,论证了前者的“-ている”可以分为表进行体的“-ている1”和表完成体的“-ている2”两种形式,其中“-ている2”具有表结果性和经历性两种用法,并且与日语宇和岛方言、喀尔喀蒙古语、布里亚特蒙古语、埃文基语的完成体一样,都具有“动词词干+黏合性小词+存在动词”结构。在此基础上,本文主张应该为此类语言建立一个名为“源于存在动词的完成体”(perfect of existential verb)的新类型。Dahl&Velupillai(2013)conducted a large-scale linguistic typology survey on the perfect aspect.This article argues that their use of both resultative and experiential approaches to defining the perfect aspect is feasible but listing Japanese as a language without the perfect aspect remains a matter of debate.This article compares the form-te iru in standard Japanese and in Japanese dialects and argues that it can be subdivided into two forms:-te irul in the progressive aspect and-te iru2 in the perfective aspect.-Te iru2 has both resultative and experiential uses,and like the perfect aspect of Uwajima dialect of Japanese,Khalkha Mongolian,Buryat Mongolian,and Evenki,it has a"verb stem+particle+existential verb"structure.Accordingly,this article advocates the establishment of a new type called"perfect of verb of existence"for such languages.

关 键 词：结果性用法 经历性用法 完成体 进行体 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]