非道路用柴油机热效率优化设计与开发研究  

Optimization Design and Development Research of Thermal Efficiency of Non-road Diesel Engines

作　　者：杜鑫[1] 王增养 许力强[1] Du Xin;Wang Zengyang;Xu Liqiang

机构地区：[1]北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司

出　　处：《工程机械》2024年第5期39-46,I0013,I0014,共10页Construction Machinery and Equipment

摘　　要：以某重型柴油机为研究对象,通过优化缸内燃烧系统和空气系统,提升柴油机热效率,并结合实际应用需求,使发动机最低油耗区间匹配挖掘机正常作业工况。研究结果表明:通过增加涡轮当量流通截面积,可以使发动机经济区域向高转速区域移动,同时,采用高效增压器,能够实现柴油机最低油耗区间与目标工况区间的匹配。以挖掘机实际工作循环工况为目标,采用CR21燃烧室配合具有较大涡轮当量流通截面积的增压器,得到较高的充气效率,使缸内混合气过稀区减少,燃烧放热速率加快,发动机热效率提高,进而实现发动机经济区域匹配目标工况。通过对发动机标定进行匹配优化,确保在发动机边界满足硬件需求的前提下,兼顾考虑燃油与尿素的液体消耗及排放的设计余量空间。优化后,在挖掘机主要工况区域,燃油消耗改善3%,综合液体消耗改善2%以上,同时确保发动机的排放维持在与现有产品相同的水平。Taking a heavy-duty diesel engine as the research object,by optimizing the in-cylinder combustion system and air system,the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine is improved,and combined with the practical application needs,the lowest fuel consumption range of the engine is matched with the normal operating conditions of the excavator.The research results show that,by increasing the turbine equivalent circulation cross-sectional area,the economic region of the engine can be moved towards the high-speed region,and at the same time,the use of a high-efficiency turbocharger can realize the matching between the lowest fuel consumption range of the diesel engine and the range of the target operating condition.With the actual operating cycle condition of the excavator as the target,a CR21 combustion chamber is used together with a turbocharger that has a large turbine equivalent circulation cross-sectional area to achieve higher charging efficiency,so that the lean area of incylinder mixture is reduced,the combustion exothermic efficiency is accelerated,and the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved,thereby achieving the matching between the engine economic region and the target operating conditions.By optimizing the matching of the engine calibration,on the premise that the engine boundary meets the hardware requirements,the liquid consumption of fuel and urea and the design margin space for emissions are taken into account.After optimization,in the main operating area of the excavator,fuel consumption is optimized by 3%,and the overall liquid consumption is optimized by over 2%,while ensuring that the emissions of the engine remain at the same level as existing products.

关 键 词：柴油发动机 增压器 燃烧室 压缩比 热效率 

分 类 号：TK422[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]