最美的可能世界:莱布尼茨美学思想的“文艺复兴”意蕴  

The Most Beautiful Possible World:On the Renaissance Implication of Leibnizs Aesthetic Thought

作　　者：王升 丁耘[1] Wang Sheng;Ding Yun(School of Philosophy Fudan University,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期95-100,144,共7页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：莱布尼茨认为现实世界是“一切可能世界中的最好世界”,从美学视角看这一命题同样可以被理解为现实世界是“一切可能世界中的最美世界”。对比同时代的哲学思潮和后世美学发展的趋势,莱布尼茨的美学思想具有某种“文艺复兴”的意蕴,即古典美学思想在近代哲学背景下的重生。具体来说,莱布尼茨认同“美善合一”的理念,这一理念具有深厚的古典哲学渊源:美是对事物完善性和本质规定的表达,而非仅仅是主观的审美趣味或偏好,从而重申了真善美的统一原则。同时,作为莱布尼茨哲学重要概念的和谐表达了多样性之统一,莱布尼茨借助许多美学意象阐释了和谐概念的内涵。莱布尼茨的美学思想还蕴含着伦理价值,对美的感知与人的幸福生活密切相关:人生的意义不仅在于追求最好的生活,同时也是追求最美的生活,这样的生活必然伴随着一种持续性、普遍性的愉悦情感。因此,尝试从美学视角审视莱布尼茨哲学基本观点或许可以提供一条解读莱布尼茨及近代哲学传统的新路径。Leibniz believed that the real world is"the best world among all possible worlds".From an aesthetic perspective,this proposition can also be understood that the real world is"the most beautiful world among all possible worlds",Compared with the philosophical trends of Leibnizs contemporaries and aesthetic development in later generations,Leibnizs aesthetic thought has a certain"Renaissance"implication,that is,the rebirth of classical aesthetic thought in the context of modern philosophy.Specifically,Leibniz supports the idea of"the identity of Beauty and Goodness",which has profound classical philosophical roots:beauty is the expression of the perfection and essence of things,and beauty has an objective metaphysical basis,rather than just subjective aesthetic taste or preference,thus reaffirming the principle of unity of truth,goodness,and beauty.At the same time,the perception of"harmony"constitutes the basic connotation of beauty,and as an important concept in Leibnizs philosophy,harmony expresses the unity of diversity.At the same time,Leibniz uses many aesthetic images to explain the connotation of the concept of harmony.Leibnizs aesthetic ideas also contain ethical values,and the perception of beauty is closely related to personal happy life:the meaning of life is not only to pursue the best life,but also to pursue the most beautiful life,which is inevitably accompanied by a sustained and universal sense of pleasure.Therefore,an attempt to examine the basic viewpoints of Leibnizian philosophy from an aesthetic perspective may provide a new path for interpreting Leibnizian philosophy and modern philosophical traditions.

关 键 词：文艺复兴 美善合一 和谐 幸福 愉悦 

分 类 号：B83-091[哲学宗教—美学]