涉毒犯罪人员冲动性特征及对再犯的预测作用  

Identification of the profiles on impulsivity of the incarcerated criminals with drug use and its effect on recidivism prediction

作　　者：楼新娟 倪宁 李勇辉[1,2] LOU Xin-juan;NI Ning;LI Yong-hui(Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jinhua Prison,Zhejiang Province,Jinhua 321071,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理系,北京100049 [3]浙江省金华监狱,浙江金华321071

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2024年第2期142-147,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：科技创新2030“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0202104)。

摘　　要：目的探讨涉毒犯罪人员的冲动性特点、变化特征,以及冲动性对再犯的预测作用。方法采用横向和纵向研究设计,问卷与行为任务相结合的研究方法,使用UPPS-P、BIS-11量表测量犯罪人员的特质冲动,使用Go/No-Go、信息取样任务测量犯罪人员的状态冲动。施测人员共798名。结果(1)对吸毒史、贩毒无吸毒史、诈骗无吸毒史犯罪人员进行比较发现,三组的特质冲动和状态冲动多数维度存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且涉毒犯罪人员冲动性显著高于非涉毒犯罪人员;(2)文化程度、性别和婚姻情况等因素与冲动性相关(P<0.05);(3)特质冲动和状态冲动基本保持稳定(P>0.05);(4)积极紧迫性对再犯预测有显著作用(P<0.05)。结论涉毒犯罪人员的冲动性显著高于非涉毒犯罪人员,文化程度越高,冲动性越低。犯罪人员的特质冲动和状态冲动基本保持稳定。积极紧迫性对再犯具有显著的预测作用。Objective To explore the impulsivity profiles of drug-related criminals,their dynamic characteristics during their incarceration,and the predictive effect of impulsivity on recidivism.Methods Using horizontal and longitudinal research designs,the research method combining questionnaires and behavioral tasks,798 criminals were tested by UPPSP and BIS-ll scales to measure trait impulsivity,Go/No-Go and information sampling tasks to measure state impulsivity.Results(1)The comparison of criminals with drug history,drug trafficking without drug history and fraud without drug history showed that there were significant differences in most dimensions of trait impulsivity and state impulsivity among the three groups(P<0.05),and the impulsivity of drug-related criminals was significantly higher than that of non-drug-related criminals.(2)Education level,gender and marital status were correlated with the impulsivity of criminals(P<0.05).(3)The trait impulse and state impulse basically remained stable(P>0.05).(3)There was no significant difference between the trait impulse and state impulse before and after the test(P>0.05).(4)Positive urgency had a significant effect on prediction of recidivism(P<0.05).Conclusion The impulsivity of drug-related criminals is significantly higher than that of non-drug-related criminals.The higher the education level,the lower the impulsivity.The trait impulse and state impulse of criminals remained basically stable.The score of positive urgency has significant predictive effect on recidivism.

关 键 词：涉毒犯罪人员 冲动特征 再犯预测 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]