马基雅维利的原子论政治哲学  

Machiavelli's Atomistic Political Philosophy

作　　者：李永毅[1] Li Yongyi

机构地区：[1]重庆大学外国语学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2024年第3期50-61,160,共13页World Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“拉丁语诗歌通史(多卷本)”(项目编号:18ZDA288)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马基雅维利是第一位受到《物性论》深度影响的重量级思想家。卢克莱修的原子论为马基雅维利的政治哲学提供了基本阐释框架,其底层的唯物主义逻辑与古典共和主义的形而上超验价值迥然不同,自由意志(自主决断和自主行为)、必然(世界恒定的规律性)和偶然(万物不可预测的变化)构成了马基雅维利政治哲学的三分结构,他借此确立了传统神创论和亚里士多德目的论之外的另一种政治叙事模式。马基雅维利在治国术中对恐惧和贪婪的利用则是以卢克莱修的逻辑反卢克莱修,让近代政治学与古典政治哲学彻底分道扬。从原子论的角度看,马基雅维利的独裁主义和共和主义并不矛盾,而是互为补充。Machiavelli was the first major thinker to be deeply influenced by De Rerum Natura.The atomism of Lucretius provided the basic interpretive framework for Machiavelli's political philosophy,whose underlying materialist logic was very different from the metaphysical transcendental values of classical republicanism.Free will(autonomous decision and autonomous action),necessity(the constant regularity of the world),and chance(the unpredictable change of everything)formed the three-part structure of Machiavelli's political philosophy,by which he established an alternative political narrative to traditional creationism and Aristotelian teleology.Machiavelli's use of fear and greed in his statecraft,on the other hand,rebelled against Lucretius with the logic of Lucretius,allowing modern political science to part ways with classical political philosophy once and for all.From the perspective of atomism,Machiavelli's authoritarianism and republicanism do not contradict,but rather complement,each other.

关 键 词：马基雅维利 卢克莱修 唯物主义 原子论 伊壁鸠鲁 

分 类 号：B546[哲学宗教—外国哲学]