面向批量订购的铁路集装箱班列动态舱位控制  

Dynamic slot allocation of railway container trains with batch booking

作　　者：程晓莉 张小强[1] 陈鹏芳 CHENG Xiaoli;ZHANG Xiaoqiang;CHEN Pengfang(School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学,交通运输与物流学院,成都611756

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2024年第2期63-76,共14页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2368212)。

摘　　要：铁路集装箱运输中当客户批量订购时,采用“先到先得”的舱位管理机制极易造成因先接受了小批量的低价值需求而错过后期大批量的高价值需求,导致高价值客户流失,增加舱位空置风险,从而影响铁路企业收益。针对该问题,构建了市场细分下的舱位控制策略,称为分类管理策略,该策略按照订购批量的大小动态划分大/小客户,大客户需求直接满足,小客户需求则根据收益管理理论构建的投标价格策略动态决定接受与否。算例结果表明,相较于“先到先得”的舱位管理机制,采用单一管理策略的舱位控制可使铁路企业收益提升8.90%,若在此基础上进行市场细分,并采用分类管理策略,则铁路企业收益将提升9.93%。由此可见,在客户批量订购情况下,分类管理策略在改善铁路企业收益方面具有有效性,同时相比于单一管理策略更具优越性。但由于分类管理策略增加了市场细分的决策过程,因而其所需计算时间更长。最后,综合考虑收益性能和计算效率,讨论了分类管理策略的适用情况。When customers place batch bookings in railway container transportation,adopting the“First Come First Served”slot management mechanism will easily lead to missing out on the highvalue demand for large batches later due to accepting small batches with a low-value demand first,resulting in the loss of high-value customers and increasing the risk of empty slots,thereby affecting the revenue of railway enterprises.To address this issue,a slot-allocation strategy under market segmentation,known as a classified management strategy,has been developed.This strategy dynamically divides large and small customers according to the size of the batch,so that the needs of large customers are directly met,and the needs of small customers are dynamically determined for acceptance is based on the bid price strategy constructed using the revenue management theory.The calculation results indicate that compared to the“First Come First Served”slot management mechanism,using the single management strategy for slot allocation will increase the revenue of railway enterprises by 8.90%.If market segmentation is conducted on this basis and the classified management strategy is adopted,revenue will increase by 9.93%.It can be seen that in the case of batch booking,the classi‐fied management strategy is effective in improving the revenue of railway enterprises;further,it is superior to the single management strategy.However,owing to the increased decision-making process for market segmentation in the classified management strategy,a longer calculation time is required.Finally,considering both revenue performance and computational efficiency,the applicability of the classified management strategy is discussed.

关 键 词：铁路运输 舱位控制 收益管理 批量订购 客户分类 

分 类 号：U294.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] F532.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]