重大自然灾害事件中全媒体舆情风险防范的共意机制建构--以K396次列车洪灾脱险事件为例  

Constructing a Co-Consciousness Mechanism for Omni-Media Public Opinion Risk Prevention in Major Natural Disaster Events:The K396 Train Derisking Event as an Example

作　　者：毕宏音 闵玉丹 Bi Hongyin;Min Yudan(Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院,天津300387

出　　处：《情报杂志》2024年第6期160-166,共7页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“网络公共话语空间意识形态传播及其风险防范研究”(编号:21ADJ007);天津市教委社会科学重大项目“自媒体话语生态下的教育舆情风险评估与应急处置研究”(编号:2023JWZD29)研究成果。

摘　　要：[研究目的]超时空泛在的全媒体放大了重大自然灾害事件中的舆情风险。研究旨在探究该类舆情由危转机的机理,荟聚舆情支持力量,进而提升应急管理效能。[研究方法]以K396次列车脱险过程的舆论演进势态为研究对象,依托全形态大数据挖掘和可视化分析技术,对舆情事件演化过程进行精准描摹。基于建构主义理论,立足“要素-机制”系统分析框架,厘清“整合性共意”机制中的多元主体要素、互动关系和运行链条。[研究结论]透过重大突发自然灾害事件中舆情危机向舆情支持的个案演变过程,洞见到各司其职、共同参与的国家管理者、民众、新闻媒体和专家学者,通过“刺激发生-汇集分析-接触交流-互动回应-共意建构-决策引导”六环节,不断推动着整合性共意机制的协调运转。该研究为构筑全媒体环境下共建共治共享的国家应急管理体系提供了实践模式和理论参考。[Research purpose]The omni-media,which is ubiquitous in time and space,magnifies the risk of public opinion in major natural disaster events.The study aims to explore the mechanism by which such public opinion turns from crisis to opportunity,and to gather the supportive power of public opinion so as to enhance the effectiveness of emergency management.[Research method]Taking the public opinion evolution of the K396 train derisking process as the research object,the study relies on the omniform big data mining and visualization analysis technology to accurately depict the evolution process of the public opinion event.Based on the constructivism theory and the"element-mechanism"systematic analysis framework,the study clarifies the multiple subject elements,interactive relationship and operation chain in the"co-consciousness"mechanism.[Research conclusion]Through the case-by-case evolution of public opinion crisis to public opinion support in a major sudden-onset natural disaster,we can see the state administrators,the public,the news media,experts and scholars who play their respective roles and participate in the process together.Through the six links of"stimulus occurrence-collection and analysis-contact and exchange-interaction and response-co-consciousness construction-decision guidance",the coordinated operation of co-consciousness mechanism is continuously promoted.This research provides a practical model and theoretical reference for the construction of a national emergency management system of co-construction,shared governance and sharing in the omni-media environment.

关 键 词：重大自然灾害事件 全媒体 舆情危机 舆情支持 舆情治理 整合性共意 建构主义理论 

分 类 号：C912.63[经济管理] G206[社会学]