纤维素酶基因水平最新研究进展  

Recent developments of cellulase in gene aspect

作　　者：高仪芸 刘佳 孟维 刘凡 胡炫 竺建荣[1] GAO Yiyun;LIU Jia;MENG Wei;LIU Fan;HU Xuan;ZHU Jianrong(College of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第2期415-420,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51578069);北京市科委重点研发项目(Z171100000717012)资助。

摘　　要：纤维素是自然界中一种可再生能源物质,纤维素酶将纤维素降解为简单可用的小分子单糖或寡糖且转化过程绿色、低碳,被认为是纤维素资源化利用的可持续方法.实际工程应用中纤维素酶存在成本高、活性低等问题,因此,越来越多的研究致力于探索纤维素酶产生的机制、促进和优化纤维素酶的生产.对提高纤维素酶活性和促进纤维素酶生产的一些最新基因工程技术及研究进展进行综述.借助启动子强化与转录因子调控、密码子优化、CRISPR基因编辑技术等分子生物学手段改善或提高纤维素酶活性,通过将多种纤维素酶或是与其他酶建立共表达系统,将纤维素酶进行异源表达或过表达进行酶活性强化,拓宽纤维素酶的应用范围.现阶段,在优化纤维素酶的生产与活性研究方面已取得较大成就,但仍存在纤维素酶优化效率不高、难以工业化生产等不足.未来关于纤维素酶的研究在致力于开发优化纤维素酶基因的新技术的同时,可重点关注纤维素酶的协同作用与双/多功能纤维素酶系统的潜在优势,并借助荧光标记系统简化纤维素酶的测定,从而为实现纤维素酶的高效资源化利用提供方向指引.(图1表2参53)Cellulose is a renewable source of biomass.Cellulase,an enzyme,can degrade cellulose into simple and usable sugars.This conversion process is green and low-carbon,making it a sustainable method for cellulose resource utilization.However,use of cellulase in practical engineering applications has certain disadvantages,such as high cost and low activity.Therefore,ongoing research efforts are focused on understanding the mechanism of cellulase production,with an aim to promote and optimize cellulase production.This review summarizes the latest advancements in genetic engineering techniques and research progress towards improving cellulase activity and production.In this review,we describe the enhancement of cellulase activity by promoter strength optimization,transcription factor regulation,codon optimization,CRISPR gene editing,and other molecular biological methods.By establishing a co-expression system with a variety of cellulases or other enzymes,cellulase can be heterologously expressed or overexpressed,ultimately resulting in enhanced enzyme activity,thereby broadening the applications of cellulase.Currently,great achievements have been made in optimizing the production and activity of cellulase.However,certain shortcomings,such as low optimization efficiency and difficulty in industrial production,still exist.Further investigations should prioritize investigating the synergistic effect of cellulase and explore the potential advantages of dual/multifunctional cellulase systems.Additionally,focus should be on developing novel technologies to optimize the expression of cellulase genes and exploring simple methods to determine cellulase activity using fluorescent labeling systems.These efforts are essential to provide guidelines and recommendations for the efficient utilization of cellulose.

关 键 词：纤维素酶 基因工程 启动子强化 异源表达 CRISPR技术 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]