1991—2018年中国儿童青少年乳品消费状况及增长趋势  

Consumption status and growth trends of dairy products among children and adolescents in China from 1991 to 2018

作　　者：李方园 李惟怡 王柳森 刘梦冉 赵博雅 王邵顺子 刘畅 吴津菁 姜红如 王志宏 Li Fangyuan;Li Weiyi;Wang Liusen;Liu Mengran;Zhao Boya;Wang Shaoshunzi;Liu Chang;Wu Jinjing;Jiang Hongru;Wang Zhihong(I National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第3期410-418,共9页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2020YFC2006300);国家财政项目(No.131031107000210002);中国食品科学技术学会食品科技基金-伊利健康科学基金(No.2021-Y03)。

摘　　要：目的分析中国7~17岁儿童青少年乳品消费状况及增长趋势。方法利用“中国健康与营养调查”1991—2018年10轮随访数据中7~17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,膳食数据通过连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和家庭称重记账法(食用油和调味品)进行收集。利用《中国食物成分表》,将各类乳制品的摄入量通过蛋白质含量换算为液态乳的摄入量。删除人口学信息缺失者、3天24小时膳食调查数据缺失者、每日能量摄入异常者,最终纳入研究对象18529例。采用Joinpoint回归模型对乳品摄入量增长趋势进行分析。结果1991—2018年中国儿童青少年乳品消费率由2.8%上升到42.3%,其中城市消费率从8.4%上升至58.8%,农村从0.9%上升到32.1%。同时,乳品摄入量达到推荐摄入量(300 g/d)的人群比例从0.2%上升到3.0%,其中2018年农村比例为2.0%,低于城市地区的4.9%。1991—2018年乳品摄入量以12.97%的速度呈增长趋势(P=0.02),城市和农村的增速分别为9.79%(P=0.03)和15.67%(P<0.01)。其中,1991—2004年比2004—2018年呈更快的增长趋势。城市和农村地区的增长速度也呈现不同的增长趋势。结论1991—2018年中国7~17岁儿童青少年乳品消费状况改善明显,城市地区消费率和摄入量均高于农村地区,但仍有较大提升空间。OBJECTIVE To explore the dairy consumption among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China.METHODS 10 rounds of follow-up data from the“China Health and Nutrition Survey”from 1991 to 2018 were collected,and individuals aged 7-17 were selected as the study subjects.Dietary data was collected by using 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and household weighing accounting method(edible oils and seasonings).Dairy consumption was calculated by converting various dairy products into liquid milk intake using the China Food Composition.After excluding those with missing demographic information,missing data from the“3 days and 24 hours”dietary survey,and abnormal daily energy intake,18529 participants were included in the final analysis.Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in dairy intake.RESULTS The dairy consumption rate increased from 2.8%in 1991 to 42.3%in 2018,while it increased from 8.4%to 58.8%in urban and from 0.9%to 32.1%in rural areas.Meanwhile,the proportion of people whose dairy intake reaches the recommended intake(300 g/d)increased from 0.2%to 3.0%,and the proportion in rural area was 2.0%,which was lower than that in urban areas(4.9%).From 1991 to 2018,dairy intake increased at a rate of 12.97%(P=0.02),and the growth rate of urban and rural areas were 9.79%(P=0.03)and 15.67%(P<0.01),respectively.There was a faster growth trend from 1991-2004 compared to 2004-2018.The growth rate in urban and rural areas also showed different growth trends.CONCLUSION The dairy intake of children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China improved significantly from 1991 to 2018,with higher consumption rate in urban areas than in rural areas,but it still need to be improved for health.

关 键 词：乳品消费 儿童青少年 趋势 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]