不同处理对油菜秸秆养分、纤维结构和硫苷含量的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments on the Nutrients,Fiber Structure,and Glucosinolate Contents in Rapeseed Straw

作　　者：杨代毅 樊杨 屠焰[2] 徐志宇 薛颖昊 孙元丰 王进 郝小燕 马涛[2] YANG Dai-yi;FAN Yang;TU Yan;XU Zhi-yu;XUE Ying-hao;SUN Yuan-feng;WANG Jin;HAO Xiao-yan;MA Tao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801;Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Life Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an 625014;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 102200;Inner Mongolia Kunzhen Tianxi Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010050)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学动物科技学院,太谷030800 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081 [3]四川农业大学生命科学学院,雅安625014 [4]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京102200 [5]内蒙古坤珍天禧农牧科技有限责任公司,呼和浩特010050

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第6期172-179,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-38);非粮饲料资源挖掘与饲料粮减量替代技术体系(CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202301);饲料配方软件国产化(IFR-ZDRW202303)。

摘　　要：【目的】采用物理(膨化)和微生物(黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌)处理油菜秸秆,并分析发酵后的营养物质含量、纤维结构和硫代葡萄糖苷含量,旨在提高油菜秸秆作为粗饲料在反刍动物上的饲用价值。【方法】试验设计6个组,分别为:油菜秸秆(M组,即对照组)、对照加黑曲霉(MA组)、对照加枯草芽孢杆菌(MB组)、对照膨化(PM组)、对照膨化加黑曲霉(PMA组)、对照膨化加枯草芽孢杆菌(PMB组)。【结果】与M组(2.60%)相比,其他各组的粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别为3.16%(MA组)、3.24%(MB组)、3.31%(PM组)、4.02%(PMA组)、3.73%(PMB组);与M组(83.4%)相比,其他各组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别为81.6%(MA组)、80.3%(MB组)、80.4%(PM组)、77.3%(PMA组)、78.3%(PMB组)。MA组的结晶度(27.0%vs 25.3%)和比表面积(1.22 m2/g vs 1.19 m2/g)显著高于M组(P<0.05),氢键作用力减弱,聚合度与其他各组无显著差异(P>0.05);与M组(0.49μmol/g)相比,其他各组硫代葡萄糖苷含量显著降低(P<0.05),PMA组(0.24μmol/g)和PMB组(0.22μmol/g)样品的硫代葡萄糖苷含量差异不显著,但显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。【结论】通过物理和微生物处理油菜秸秆能通过破坏纤维结构降低NDF水平,并减少抗营养因子硫代葡萄糖苷含量,从而改善其在反刍动物上的饲用价值。【Objective】Physical(extrusion)and microbial(Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis)treatments were applied to analyze the changes in the nutrient content,fiber structure and glucosinolates of the rapeseed straw after fermentation,aiming to improve the feeding value of rape straw as roughage for ruminants.【Method】The experiment included 6 treatments:Rape straw group(M group,that is,control group),control plus Aspergillus niger group(MA group),control plus Bacillus subtilis group(MB group),control puffed group(PM group),control puffed plus A.niger group(PMA group),and control puffed plus B.subtilis group(PMB group).【Result】Compared with the M group(2.60%),the crude protein content significantly increased 3.16%(MA group),3.24%(MB group),3.31%(PM group),4.02%(PMA group),3.73%(PMB group)and the NDF content significantly reduced in other groups,81.6%(MA group),80.3%(MB group),80.4%(PM group),77.3%(PMA group)and 78.3%(PMB group)(P<0.05).The crystallinity(27.0%vs 25.3%)and specific surface area(1.22 m2/g vs 1.19 m2/g)in MA group was higher that than in M group(P<0.05),the hydrogen bonding force was weakened,and there was no significant difference in the degree of polymerization in MA compared with that in the M group(P>0.05).Compared with the M group(0.49μmol/g),the glucosinolate content of the other groups was significantly lower(P<0.05).The difference in the glucosinolate contents in PMA(0.24μmol/g)and PMBs(0.22μmol/g)groups was not significant(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The use of microbial and physical treatments of rape straw can reduce the NDF level by breaking fiber structure and reducing the content of glucosinolates,thus improving its feeding value in ruminants.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 膨化 黑曲霉 枯草芽孢杆菌 纤维结构 硫代葡萄糖苷 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]