一株除臭固氮菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化  

Screening,Identification,and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of a Deodorizing Nitrogen⁃Fixing Bacterium

作　　者：李英[1] 刘秀雨 李王强 丁文涛 李贞景[1,2] 路来风 郭庆彬[1,2] 康继 王昌禄 朴杨柠菥 LI Ying;LIU Xiuyu;LI Wangqiang;DING Wentao;LI Zhenjing;LU Laifeng;GUO Qingbin;KANG Ji;WANG Changlu;PIAO Yangningxi(School of Food Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;National Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety,Tianjin 300457,China;College of Bioengineering,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津300457 [2]食品营养与安全国家重点实验室,天津300457 [3]天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2024年第12期172-180,共9页Food Research and Development

摘　　要：为提高食品加工原料质量、降低环境污染,从自然界分离筛选出一株能有效减少鸡粪臭味及氮素流失的菌株JFN-1。通过形态学特征、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,JFN-1为假肠杆菌(Empedobacter falseni)。通过液态发酵得出:JFN-1菌株在硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶作用下,可以提高硝态氮、减少铵态氮含量以及减少氮类物质分解为氨气,从而减少氮素损失。通过单因素和正交优化试验,得到JFN-1菌株增殖培养基组成为可溶性淀粉8 g/L、牛肉膏20 g/L、硫酸镁4 g/L、氯化钠5 g/L,30℃培养20 h发酵液OD600可达到3.14,相比未优化培养基提高12.91倍,总氮含量提高2.14倍。通过固态发酵条件优化,得到JFN-1菌株固定氮素含量最多的固态发酵基质为菌糠15 g、麸皮15 g、豆粕1 g、糠醛渣2 g、硫酸铵0.165 g,在此条件下,总氮量提高196.42%。To improve the quality of raw materials for food processing and reduce environmental pollution,a strain JFN⁃1 was isolated and screened from nature,which could effectively reduce the odor and nitrogen loss of chicken manure.By morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical tests,and 16S rDNA se⁃quence analysis,JFN⁃1 was identified as Empedobacter falseni.Through liquid fermentation,it was found that the JFN⁃1 strain could increase nitrate nitrogen,reduce ammonium nitrogen content,and alleviate nitrogen de⁃composition into ammonia gas under the action of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase,thereby reducing ni⁃trogen loss.By single factor and orthogonal optimization experiment,the proliferation medium of JFN⁃1 strain was obtained with the following conditions:soluble starch of 8 g/L,beef paste of 20 g/L,magnesium sulfate of 4 g/L,and sodium chloride of 5 g/L.OD600 could be increased to 3.14 under the condition of 30℃for 20 h,which was 12.91 times higher than the unoptimized medium,and the total nitrogen content was 2.14 times higher.Through optimization of solid⁃state fermentation conditions,the solid fermentation substrate with the highest nitrogen⁃fixing content of the JFN⁃1 strain was obtained with the following conditions:15 g of bacterial bran,15 g of bran,1 g of soybean meal,2 g of furfural residue,and 0.165 g of ammonium sulfate.Under these conditions,the total nitrogen content can be increased by 196.42%.

关 键 词：除臭固氮菌株 假肠杆菌 除臭固氮机理 发酵条件优化 总氮 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TQ920.6[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]