利玛窦400年形象史考论——兼评当下文史研究的四种困境  

The Five Faces of Matteo Ricci and the Comments on Chen Enwei's“Bilateral Adaptation”

作　　者：纪建勋[1] Ji Jianxun(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200233

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期74-82,共9页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“明清基督教在中国文化发展中的整体影响研究”(21AZJ003)。

摘　　要：世纪之交,利玛窦已经取得了无可争议的世界性影响。整体而言,在400年的历史长河里,利玛窦形象变迁的历史可以用由“有争议的”到“正面形象”的嬗变、由“官方形象”到“民间形象”的兼容两条线索来概括。具体来说,由“多面利玛窦”折射出“西泰子的五副面孔”,可以厘清来华外国人形象史学在“冲击—反应”的中外交流史研究模式、越来越泛化的文化史研究、后殖民理论“主体性自我”与“殖民地他者”之间的对立、比较文学望文生义的形象学等当下四种学术困境中的启示,进而得以从困境中突围出来,构建中国本土的形象史学自主理论体系。At the turn of the century,Matteo Ricci(利玛窦)and Marco Polo(马可波罗)became the only two foreigners depicted in the circular relief murals of the Ode to the Chinese Thousand-year Annals(中华千秋颂)in the China Millennium Monument(中华世纪坛),and Matteo Ricci was also selected as one of the second millennium world's 100 top figures by Life(《生活》)in the United States.Matteo Ricci exerted an indisputable global influence.Overall,in the 400-year-long history,the evolution of Matteo Ricci's image can be summarized by two clues:the evolution from“controversial image”(有争议的形象)to“positive image”(正面形象)and the compatibility of“official image”(官方形象)with“folk image”(民间形象).Specifically,the reflection of the“Five Faces of Xitai Zi”and the evaluation of Chen Enwei's(陈恩维)“Bidirectional Adaptation(双向调适)Theory”can clarify the current four academic dilemmas,including the“impact-response”model(冲击-反应模式)as an instrument to interpret the conflict between Chinese and Western civilizations,the increasingly generalized study of cultural history,the opposition between the“subjective self”(主体性自我)and“colonial others”(殖民地他者)in postcolonial theory,and a stereotypical and detestable study of the imagology of comparative literature.Furthermore,it is possible to break through the above four academic dilemmas and construct China's autonomous theoretical system of image history.

关 键 词：利玛窦 西泰子 利玛窦菩萨 五副面孔 形象史学 自主理论体系 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]