中国古代教育话语体系中的历史智慧——以朱熹理学思想为中心的考察  

The Historical Wisdom in Ancient China's Educational Discourse System --An Investigation Focusing on the Southern Song Dynasty Scholar Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：孙杰[1] Sun Jie(School of Education Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,太原030006

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第5期99-109,共11页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学一般项目“中国古代教育经典文本研究的双重路径”(编号:BOA200047)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中华优秀教育传统文化是构建中国教育学话语体系的文化根脉。以韩愈在《原道》一文中阐述“唐代的中国文化宣言”为始端,儒家学者开启了构建以“中国”为本位的教育话语体系的文化之路。朱熹作为理学思想的集大成者,以“天理”与“道统”说为核心,最终完成了对理学话语体系的构建,不仅实现了源起于唐代韩愈的儒学复兴梦想,而且重新确立了儒家教育学说在古代文化生活中的话语权。朱熹构建理学教育话语体系的过程,将“孔孟—程朱”道统学说融入以《近思录》、《四书集注》为中心的经典文本建设与以修齐治平为目标的个体修身实践,形成了根基于个体生命自觉的为学次第与修身工夫。以朱熹理学思想为中心考察中国古代教育话语体系中的历史智慧,旨在通过对道统、文本、实践等三个彼此相联要素的诠释和分析,以阐明在历史过程中生成的、可以作为认识对象的一种积极、可借鉴的教育文化遗产,并以此来领悟构建中国教育学话语体系及中国教育学的中国魂之真义。The excellent traditional culture in Chinese education is the cultural root for the construction of the discourse system of Chinese pedagogy.Beginning with the"Declaration of Chinese Culture in the Tang Dynasty,"expounded by the Tang Dynasty scholar Han Yu(768-824)in his essay Yuan Dao(Fundamental Principles and Moral Norms of Confucianism),Confucian scholars blazed the cultural path of constructing a China-based educational discourse system.As a master of Neo-Confucianism,the Southern Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi(1130-1200)focused on the theories of the"Principle of Nature"and"Confucian orthodoxy,"and ultimately constructed the discourse system of Neo-Confucianism,which not only achieved the Confucianism-reviving dream that originated from Han Yu's theories,but also re-established the discourse power from the doctrine of Confucian education in ancient cultural life.He integrated the orthodoxy by Confucius,Mencius,Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao into the classical texts focusing on Jin Si Lu(Selected Works on the Major Issues of Practical Significance to Daily Life)and Si Shu Ji Zhu(A Commentary on Such Major Confucian Classics as the Great Learning,the Doctrine of the Mean,the Analects of Confucius,and the Works of Mencius)and individuals'practice of self-cultivation aiming at strengthening self-cultivation,family management and country governance and placating the common people under heaven,thus developing the habit of learning the Confucian orthodoxy in a proper order and the skills of self-cultivation rooted in the consciousness of individual life.Focusing on Zhu Xi's thoughts on Neo-Confucianism,this study explores the historical wisdom in ancient China's educational discourse system,and aims to interpret and analyze such interrelated elements as Confucian orthodoxy,texts and practice so as to elucidate a historically-generated,cognizable,positive and referable education-related cultural heritage,and understand the true meaning of the construction of the discourse system of Chinese education and the Chinese soul of Ch

关 键 词：朱熹 中国文化 理学 儒学 教育话语体系 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学] B244.7[文化科学—教育技术学]