跨情境词汇学习的偏态学习优势效应  

The Skewed Learning Advantage Effect of Cross-Situational Word Learning

作　　者：石宇婧 黄艳利 谢久书 刘书云 Shi Yujing;Huang Yanli;Xie Jiushu;Liu Shuyun(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第3期538-545,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC190007);国家自然科学基金青年项目(32200875);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20210564,BK20190701)的资助。

摘　　要：词频分布对跨情境词汇学习至关重要。然而,以往研究主要考察了基于均匀分布的跨情境词汇学习,相对忽视了真实情境中基于Zipfian分布等偏态分布的跨情境词汇学习,而仅有的研究对Zipfian分布究竟促进还是抑制跨情境词汇学习争论激烈。为此,这项研究率先建立了学习机制的宏观视角,提出单个词汇的学习效果取决于学习环境中其他词汇的整体学习效果,据此首次提出基于互斥性策略的偏态学习优势效应,认为互斥性策略的有效使用是产生Zipfian频率促进效应的关键。Word frequency distribution is important for cross-situational word learning.Previous studies mainly investigated cross-situational word learning based on the uniform distribution.However,word frequency distribution usually follows the Zipfian distribution,a type of skewed distribution,in reality.Previous studies have relatively ignored cross-situational word learning based on skewed distributions,such as the Zipfian distribution.Few studies that focus on the skewed distribution have fierce controversies about whether the Zipfian distribution improves or inhibits cross-situational word learning.Therefore,the present review first proposes a macro perspective of cross-situational word learning,which holds that the learning effect of each vocabulary is dependent on the learning effects of other vocabularies in the same learning environment.From the macro perspective,the present review first proposes the skewed learning advantage effect that is based on the mutual exclusivity strategy.Mutual exclusivity strategy refers to the following word learning methods.Specifically,learners assume that no two words have the same meaning.Then,learners eliminate the meaning competition of new words from the matching hypotheses that are established according to the co-occurrence law through the anchor point of the acquired words,thereby reducing the meaning ambiguity of the new words.The skewed learning advantage effect believes that the effective use of mutual exclusivity strategy is the key to generate the Zipfian frequency promotion effect.Specifically,in the Zipfian distribution,learners can quickly learn high-frequency words.Then,learners make the learned highfrequency words as anchor points and use mutual exclusivity strategy to reduce the meaning ambiguity of new words.Thus,learners reduce the number of matching hypotheses in the memory system,thereby reducing the memory burden and improving the efficiency of cross-situational word learning.Moreover,if learners can repeatedly use the mutual exclusivity strategy,they may quic

关 键 词：跨情境词汇学习 语言学习 宏观学习视角 偏态学习 互斥性策略 词汇爆炸 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]