场域视角下城市影子教育的空间分异研究——以西安市主城区为例  

Spatial differentiation of urban shadow education from a field perspective:Taking the main urban area of Xi'an as an example

作　　者：雒占福[1] 柏雪 LUO Zhanfu;BAI Xue(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第6期1462-1481,共20页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061034)。

摘　　要：快速增长的影子教育不仅带来了学生课业增加、家庭负担加大的社会经济问题,而且因空间分异加剧了教育不公平问题。本研究以西安市主城区影子教育机构为研究对象,借助布迪厄的场域理论构建影子教育场域模型,运用GIS空间分析技术,定量认识影子教育场域的多维度多尺度分异特征及其形成机制。结果表明:①基于地理空间要素表征的影子教育场域模型的拟合效果良好,影子教育场强值越高的空间拟合效果越好。②西安市主城区影子教育场强在城市尺度上呈现核心区-核心边缘区-外围区的圈层式分异特征,即围绕西安古城与二环之间形成高场强的核心区,在二环与三环之间为核心边缘区,依次向外影子教育场强呈递减趋势。③在区级尺度上呈现多核心等级性分异特征,表征场域的经济资本、文化资本与社会资本的区级分异显著,核心区的碑林区、新城区与莲湖区的三类资本的场强值最为突出,而外部三区的经济资本与文化资本都比较低。④在街道尺度上呈现多类型的功能性分异特征,形成单一功能型、复合功能型以及弱功能型的三大场域类型。⑤影子教育场域的空间分异是供需主体在教育内卷、文化消费、城市动态扩张的功能差异、城市设施不均的空间资源差异、阶层分异的消费差异等社会经济因素及空间因素综合作用的结果。The proliferating phenomenon of shadow education,characterized by its rapid expansion,poses significant socio-economic challenges,notably augmenting academic pressures on students and escalating financial burdens on families.Furthermore,it exacerbates educational inequity through pronounced spatial differentiation.This investigation,focusing on shadow education institutions within principal districts of Xi'an,employs Pierre Bourdieu's field theory to articulate a shadow education field model.Through the deployment of Geographic Information Systems(GIS)spatial analysis techniques,it endeavors to quantitatively dissect the multidimensional and multiscale attributes of spatial differentiation inherent within the shadow education field,along with elucidating the underlying mechanisms of such differentiation.The outcomes of this research delineate that:(1)The fitting effect of the shadow education field model based on geographical spatial feature representation is good,and the higher the shadow education field strength value,the better the spatial fitting effect.(2)The shadow education field strength in the main urban area of Xi'an presents the circled differentiation characteristics of core area-core edge area-peripheral area on the urban scale,that is,the core area with high field strength is formed around the ancient city of Xi'an and the Second Ring Road,and the core edge area is formed between the second and the third ring roads,and the shadow education field strength shows a decreasing trend in the outward direction in the following order.(3)At the district scale,there is a multi-core hierarchical differentiation,and the economic capital,cultural capital and social capital characterising the field are significantly differentiated at the district level,with the three types of capital in the core districts of Beilin,Xincheng and Lianhu being the most prominent in terms of field strength,while the economic and cultural capital in the three external districts are relatively low.(4)At the street scale,there are multi

关 键 词：场域 空间分异 社会空间 地理空间 分异机制 西安 

分 类 号：G527[文化科学—教育学]