清代太医外派地方医事探析  

An Analysis of the Local Medical Affairs Dispatched by Imperial Doctors in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：周云逸[1] 王彤语 Zhou Yunyi;Wang Tongyu(Song History Research Center,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,保定071002

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期39-46,共8页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“清代北京太医院医事编年整理与研究”(项目批准号:20LSB007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：外派地方为官员治病是清代太医的重要职责,在性质上属于特派差务,有京城太医派遣、随军太医调派、随扈太医驻留三种形式。从派医缘起角度,此类医事又可分为“请医(药)-赐医”“请求解任-赐医”和“汇报病情-赐医”三种类型。本文基于清宫档案,梳理出48件清太医院医官奉旨外派地方为官员治病的医事,其中“京城太医派遣”方式最为常见,呈现出固定流程。通过分析清宫档案,得出如下结论:御医是外派太医的主力成员,治疗对象主要是一、二品高级官员,患者病情大多得到控制,但痊愈率不高。皇帝以赐医为纽带维护君臣关系,有利于地方日常事务的运转和特殊政治任务的执行。同时也是皇帝对臣下施加控制的一种方式,起到强化“主仆性”君臣关系的效果。It is an important responsibility of the Qing Dynasty's imperial doctors to treat diseases for local officials,which belongs to the nature of special missions.There are three forms of dispatching imperial physicians in the capital,dispatching military imperial physicians,and retaining imperial physicians.From the perspective of the origin of medical dispatch,this type of medical service can be further divided into three types:"seeking medical treatment(medication)-granting medical treatment,""requesting dismissal-granting medical treatment,"and"reporting the condition-granting medical treatment."Based on the archives of the Qing Dynasty Palace,48 medical affairs were sorted out,in which the medical officials of the Qing Dynasty Hospital were ordered to treat local officials.Among them,the"Beijing Imperial Medical Dispatch"method was the most common and presented a fixed process.By analyzing the archives of the Qing Palace,the following conclusion can be drawn:the imperial physician is the main member of the dispatched imperial physician,and the treatment targets are mainly first and second grade senior officials.The patient's condition is mostly under control,but the recovery rate is not high.The emperor maintained the relationship between the emperor and his subjects through the provision of medical treatment,which was conducive to the operation of local daily affairs and the execution of special political tasks.Providing medical treatment is a way for the emperor to exercise control over his subjects,which has the effect of strengthening the"master servant"relationship between the emperor and his subjects.

关 键 词：清代 太医 外派 医事 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]