孤独症谱系障碍者的视觉感知:基于贝叶斯和预测编码视角  

Visual perception in individuals with autism spectrum disorder:Bayesian and predictive coding-based perspective

作　　者：付春野 李艾馨 吕小康[1] 王崇颖[1] FU Chunye;LI Aixin;LYU Xiaokang;WANG Chongying(Department of Social Psychology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会心理学系,天津300350

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第7期1164-1178,共15页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(63232141);天津市自然科学基金(23JCZXJC00320)资助。

摘　　要：贝叶斯和预测编码理论为孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)者的感觉加工异常提供了争议性的解释。通过聚焦非社会视觉信息,可从贝叶斯推理、预测编码过程和预测编码精确度三个层面概述理论细节差异并归纳实证证据。基于贝叶斯推理的弱先验和精确似然假说对ASD者视觉加工异常的解释仅停留在描述性层面;关注预测编码过程的假说或观点进一步推动了对ASD者视觉加工特异性的细化,但仍不具备解释功能;聚焦预测编码精确度的假说提供了理论解释,但需进一步完善理论细节和更多精细化的实证研究加以检验。未来研究应通过先细化再整合的路径归纳ASD者预测加工特异性、从ASD者主观体验视角检验理论内容及从发展性视角考察预测功能在ASD者成长中的变化。Bayesian and predictive coding theories have been instrumental in elucidating sensory processing aberrations observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD).However,these theories have sparked considerable debate within the scientific community.In this paper,we focus on non-social visual information,presenting a comprehensive examination of theoretical nuances and consolidating empirical evidence across three key dimensions:Bayesian inference,predictive coding processes,and predictive coding precision.Generally,hypo-priors and sharper likelihood hypothesis based on Bayesian inference merely provide descriptive insights into visual processing abnormalities associated with ASD.While perspectives emphasizing the predictive coding process enhance the specificity of visual processing aberrations,they fall short of offering a fully explanatory framework.On the other hand,hypotheses centered on predictive coding precision provide theoretical foundations,yet require further refinement of the theoretical details and their validity necessitates testing through refined empirical studies.Future research should generalize the specificity of predictive processing in ASD,test the theoretical content from the perspective of subjective experience of ASD,and examine the changes of predictive functioning in the growth of ASD through a developmental perspective.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 视觉感知 非社会信息 贝叶斯 预测编码 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] R395[哲学宗教—心理学]