民国时期北京四大名医的中医教育理念  

Education Concept of Four Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctors in Beijing During Republic of China

作　　者：张乐 李雅婧 施兰君 廖星[1] 王乐[2] ZHANG Le;LI Yajing;SHI Lanjun;LIAO Xing;WANG Le(Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京100700 [2]中国中医科学院研究生院,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第13期202-208,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00214);中国中医药循证医学中心“业务研究室主任专项”(2020YJSZX-2)。

摘　　要：对比民国时期北京四大名医(萧龙友、施今墨、孔伯华、汪逢春)的中医教育理念,梳理他们在中医教育理念上的共性,寻找当代中医教育人才培养与成长的“根系”与继续发展的方向与途径,提升中医传承发展的质量。该研究基于澳大利亚乔安娜·布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心研制的文本和专家意见系统综述方法(SrTO)进行资料整理与分析,共纳入相关论著14本,期刊论文115篇,文件7项。对四位中医师在中医院校教育、师承教育、继续教育、学术研究、执业考试等主题相关的教育理念和实践行动进行分析,进而总结该时期不同教育形式之间的联系与共性,形成基于SrTO的NOTARI总结表。研究结果表明,四位民国末期、中华人民共和国成立初期的北京名中医、中医教育家,在教学上注重经典,不离临床,强调以德树人,维系传统师承模式,创办中医药学校,并对院校课程设置、教材和书籍的编写提出全新要求。他们倡导打破中西医门户之见,培养中西汇通的人才,推进中医药教学考试制度的规范化,参与科研著书。四位中医师跨越了传统中医师仅收授数个徒弟的局限,促进了中医药“教育-临床-科研”一体的新模式产生,也深刻影响当代的中医院校与师承等教育模式。The education concepts of four famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctors(XIAO Longyou,SHI Jinmo,KONG Bohua and WANG Fengchun)in Beijing during the Republic of China were compared,the commonalities in their education concepts of TCM were sorted out,and the root system of the cultivation and growth of talents in TCM,as well as the direction and way of further development were searched,so as to improve the quality of the inheritance and development of TCM.Based on the systematic review of text and opinion method(SrTO)developed by the centre for evidence-based health care at the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)in Australia,this study was conducted to collate and analyze the relevant information,including 14 books,115 journal papers and 7 documents.Related theory construction and practice of early tutor and academic education have been summarized from college,continuing and tutor education,academic research,examination,and so on.And then the connections and commonalities between the different forms of education in the period were summarized to form a SrTO-based narrative,opinion,text assessment and review instrument(NOTARI)summary table.The findings revealed that these four esteemed TCM doctors and educators,through their substantial influence on TCM education in Beijing,emphasized the importance of classics in teaching and clinical practice,underscored the cultivation of virtue,preserved the traditional teaching model,and championed the establishment of TCM schools.They also put forward novel requisites for the compilation of curricula,teaching materials,and books.Moreover,they advocated for a unified perspective on TCM and western medicine,fostering talent capable of bridging the gap between the two.They encouraged the standardization of TCM teaching examination system,and actively participated in scientific research and book writing.The four TCM doctors transcended the traditional boundaries of TCM practice,fostering a new TCM model of education-clinical-research,and profoundly influencing the contemporary TCM co

关 键 词：中医教育家 萧龙友 施今墨 孔伯华 汪逢春 民国 教育理念 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G254[文化科学—图书馆学] G40