瑞香、白鸡冠等18个杂交创新种质主要性状及遗传多样性分析  

Agronomic Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of 18 Hybrids of Ruixiang and Baijiguan Teas

作　　者：钟秋生[1] 杨军[1] 林郑和[1] 单睿阳[1] 黄婷 陈常颂[1] ZHONG Qiu-sheng;YANG Jun;LIN Zheng-he;SHAN Rui-yang;HUANG Ting;CHEN Chang-song(Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Branch,National Center for Tea Improvement/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Tree and Oolong Tea Processes in Fujian,Ministry of Agriculture,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心福建分中心/农业部福建茶树及乌龙茶加工科学观测实验站,福建福州350013

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2024年第2期27-37,共11页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2021R1029006);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023L3026);国家茶叶产业技术体系(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】对瑞香、白鸡冠等品种茶树自然杂交后代进一步筛选与鉴定,为茶树种质资源发掘、利用和后期育种工作提供一定参考。【方法】对瑞香、白鸡冠品种茶树自然杂交后代18个新品系新梢及成熟叶片的农艺性状进行调查,并利用EST-SSR毛细管电泳荧光标记技术进行遗传多样性与亲缘关系分析。【结果】(1)18个杂交后代新品系均为灌木型,树姿为半开张或者开张。BJG10、RX6为小叶种外,其余16个新品系均为中叶种;新品系RX3、RX4、RX7为早生种,一芽一叶期均比对照(‘黄棪’)早7 d以上;瑞香、白鸡冠F1代大部分新品系叶片叶形为长椭圆形,RX2、RX3、RX6、RX7为椭圆形。(2)20对SSR标记共检测到150个多态性位点,平均等位位点数为7.500个,Shannon’s信息指数平均为1.356,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.634和0.632。(3)相似系数聚类显示,新品系BJG6~BJG10相互间亲缘关系较近,且与‘茗科1号’(金观音)亲缘关系较近;新品系RX5、RX7亲缘关系较近,且与母本(‘瑞香’)聚类在一起,说明RX5、RX7遗传信息受母本遗传背景影响较大。【结论】本研究认为,瑞香、白鸡冠等18个杂交后代具有较近的亲缘关系,各新品系具有丰富的遗传多样性。【Objective】Genetic information on Camellia sinensis hybrids generated by crossing two existing cultivars was studied to facilitate further breeding and resource utilization.【Method】Agronomic traits and genetic diversity of 18 tea germplasms developed by crossing between Ruixiang and Baijiguan Teas were determined and analyzed using SSR markers.【Result】(1)The 18 hybrids were genetically varied with differentiated agronomic characteristics.For instance,being shrubs with semi-open or open posture like the others,BJG10 and RX6 differed from the rest by having small rather than medium sized leaves;RX3,RX4,and RX7 had the one-bud-and-one-leaf stage started more than 7 d earlier than control(‘Huangdan’);and RX2,RX3,RX6,and RX7 had elliptic leaves while most of F1 hybrids showed long elliptically shaped leaves.(2)A total of 150 polymorphic loci were detected in 20 pairs of SSR markers of the germplasms with an average of 7.500 alleles.The Shannon indexes averaged 1.356,and the observed and expected heterozygosity,0.634 and 0.632,respectively.(3)The similarity coefficient clustering on BJG6 through BJG10 showed a close relation among them,as well as with‘Mingke 1’(Jinguanyin).The genetic relationship between RX5 and RX7 were relatively close and largely inherited from the maternal'Ruixiang'Tea.【Conclusion】Genetically,the 18 hybrids of Ruixiang and Baijiguan Teas were closely related but richly diverse.

关 键 词：茶树 杂交创新种质 农艺性状 EST-SSR 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]