收获期对南粳3908食味品质和淀粉特性的影响  

Effect of harvest period on the eating quality and starch characteristics of Nanjing 3908

作　　者：逯艳莉 王綪 段晓亮 张东 孙辉 LU Yanli;WANG Qian;DUAN Xiaoliang;ZHANG Dong;SUN Hui(School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research,Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海200093 [2]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食品质营养研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第3期406-417,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0117800)。

摘　　要：稻谷应在最佳收获期进行收获,过早或过晚都会影响稻米品质。本研究以南粳3908为试验材料,比较江苏省南京市和常州市2个种植地不同收获期粳稻的基本组分含量、糊化特性、热力学特性、分子量、短程有序度、结晶结构的差异,分析收获期对水稻品质的影响。结果表明:种植地和收获期均对南粳3908的品质有影响。随着收获期的延迟,南京市第2期收获样品(N-3908-2)的千粒重显著大于第3期收获样品(N-3908-3),常州市第1—3期收获样品(C-3908-1~C-3908-3)的千粒重差异不显著。N-3908-2和C-3908-3的食味品质最好。与南京市第1期收获样品(N-3908-1)相比,N-3908-2的蛋白质含量增加、硬度降低,淀粉糊化后的回生值降低;与C-3908-2相比,C-3908-3的蛋白质含量增加、硬度不变,淀粉糊化能力增强。总体而言,随着收获期的延迟,南粳3908淀粉的糊化能力得到改善,食味品质更加优良,表明南粳3908存在最适收获期。因此,若以食味品质为标准确定收获期,南粳3908不宜早于抽穗后65 d进行收获。综上所述,同一品种在不同种植地的最适收获期存在差异,本研究结果为进一步研究粳稻的最适收获期提供了理论依据。Rice should be harvested in the best harvest period,either too early or too late,as this can affect quality.In this study,Nanjing 3908 was used to investigate the differences in basic component contents,gelatinization characteristics,thermodynamic characteristics,molecular weight,short-range order and crystal structure of japonica rice harvested in different periods in Nanjing(Jiangsu,China)and Changzhou(Jiangsu,China).The effects of harvest period on rice quality were analyzed.The results showed that the quality of Nanjing 3908 was affected by different planting sites and harvest periods.With delayed harvest,the 1000-grain mass of samples harvested in the second phase in Nanjing(N-3908-2)was significantly greater than that in the third phase(N-3908-3),while the 1000-grain mass of samples collected in Changzhou(C-3908-1 to C-3908-3)exhibited no significant changes.The eating qualities of N-3908-2 and C-3908-3 were the best.Compared with N-3908-1,N-3908-2 had a greater protein content,lower hardness,and lower setback of starch after gelatinization.Compared with C-3908-2,C-3908-3 had a greater protein content,unchanged hardness,and enhanced gelatinization ability.In general,with delayed harvest,the gelatinization ability of starch improved,and the eating quality was better,indicating that Nanjing 3908 had an optimal harvest period.Therefore,if eating quality is the main criterion for determining the harvest period,Nanjing 3908 should not be harvested earlier than 65 d after heading.In summary,the optimum harvest period of the same variety was different among the different planting sites.This result provides a theoretical basis for further research on the optimum harvest period of japonica rice.

关 键 词：收获期 南粳3908 食味品质 淀粉特性 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学] TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]