新加坡华社的语言焦虑和多语制  

Language Angst and Multilingualism in the Chinese Community of Singapore

作　　者：曹栌文 包智明[1] Cao Luwen;Bao Zhiming

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学人文社科学院英语系,新加坡117570

出　　处：《中国语言战略》2024年第1期164-174,共11页China Language Strategies

摘　　要：新加坡是一个多种族、多语言的城市国家。1965年独立后,新加坡政府对传统语言的功能做了明确的界定:华语(普通话)、马来语和淡米尔语是母语,马来语是国语,英语是工作语言。政府的语言政策造就了一个以英语为主的多文化、双语言的社区,两项语言政策产生深远的影响。一、用英语作为所有学校的教学语言,将所有华校转为英校;二、在华社中推广华语,鼓励少说方言,传统的闽南、粤、客家方言渐渐地边缘化。短短60年间,新加坡华人逐渐放弃方言,转而使用英语和华语。本文从历史角度描述这一双重语言转移的过程,以及表现在语言选择、语言认同、语言自信等方面的语言焦虑。语言焦虑是多文化、多语言社会的自然衍生物。Singapore is a multiethnic and multilingual city state.Since independence from Britain in 1965,the government recognizes the three main heritage languages,Chinese(Mandarin),Malay and Tamil,as mother tongues,Malay as the national language,and English as the working language.The government's language policy created Englisbr-centric multicultural and bilingual communities.Two language policies are especially important.First,English quickly became the medium of instruction in all schools,converting all Chinese schools to English ones.Second,in the Chinese community,the government promoted Mandarin,marginalizing the traditional heritage dialects of Southern Min(Hokkien,Teochew),Cantonese and Hakka.In a short span of 60 years,Singaporean Chinese gradually abandoned the dialects and shifted to English and Mandarin.In this paper,we sketch the historical development of this double shift,and examine linguistic angst in language choice,language identity and language self-confidence.Linguistic angst is a natural outcome of a multicultural and multilingual society.

关 键 词：焦虑 语言政策 语言转移 多文化 多语言 多种族 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]