论伽达默尔对布尔特曼“前理解”思想的质疑与转变  

Gadamer’s Critique and Reassessment of Bultmann’s Concept of‘Pre-Understanding’

作　　者：姜韦 Jiang Wei

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《德国哲学》2023年第2期175-185,305,306,共13页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“布尔特曼与哲学解释学的发展:从海德格尔到利科”(项目编号:18FZX003)的成果。

摘　　要：布尔特曼作为20世纪重要的解释学家,对哲学解释学的形成与发展产生了深远影响。他在海德格尔与伽达默尔之间起到了承上启下的作用。但由于他的解释学是通过圣经解释予以阐发,其许多观点引起争议。其中最具争议性的是“前理解”思想。伽达默尔的解释学是从海德格尔揭示的理解之“前结构”出发的。实际上,前理解也是布尔特曼解释学的重要观点。但与海德格尔不同的是,布尔特曼的前理解思想在伽达默尔那里经历了一个从否定到肯定的过程。伽达默尔在《真理与方法》中对布尔特曼“前理解”思想提出两个质疑,但后来在《解释学与历史主义》和《古典解释学和哲学解释学》中似乎转变了看法,赋予了其充足的哲学解释学意义。从质疑到肯定的转折折射出二者之间复杂的思想关联。Bultmann,as a significant hermeneutic scholar of the 20th century,exerted a profound influence on the formation and development of philosophical hermeneutics. He played a pivotal role bridging the gap between Heidegger and Gadamer. However, controver-sy surrounds many of his ideas due to the fact that his hermeneutics were elucidated through biblical interpretation. Among these ideas, the most contentious one is the concept of “pre-understanding. ” Gadamer’s hermeneutics stem from Heidegger’s revelation of the “pre-struc-ture” of understanding. In fact, pre-understanding is also an important aspect of Bultmann’s hermeneutics. Nevertheless, unlike Heidegger, Bultmann’s concept of pre-understanding un-derwent a transition from negation to affirmation in Gadamer’s interpretation. In Truth and Method I, Gadamer raised two objections regarding Bultmann’s pre-understanding concept, but it seems that he later transformed his perspective in Hermeneutics and Historicism and Classical Hermeneutics and Philosophical Hermeneutics, endowing it with substantial philo-sophical hermeneutical significance. This shift from skepticism to endorsement reflects the complex intellectual relationship between the two scholars.

关 键 词：布尔特曼 伽达默尔 前理解 生命关联 普遍性 

分 类 号：B516.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]